Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2013 Jul;29(3):521-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Nosocomial pneumonia remains a significant cause of hospital-acquired infection, imposing substantial economic burden on the health care system worldwide. Various preventive strategies have been increasingly used to prevent the development of pneumonia. It is now recognized that patients with health care-associated pneumonia are a heterogeneous population and that not all are at risk for infection with nosocomial pneumonia pathogens, with some being infected with the same organisms as in community-acquired pneumonia. This review discusses the risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia, controversies in its diagnosis, and approaches to the treatment and prevention of nosocomial and health care-associated pneumonia.
医院获得性肺炎仍然是医院感染的重要原因，给全球的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的经济负担。目前已经越来越多地使用各种预防策略来预防肺炎的发生。现在已经认识到，与医疗保健相关的肺炎患者是一个异质人群，并非所有人都存在感染医院获得性肺炎病原体的风险，其中一些人感染的病原体与社区获得性肺炎相同。本文讨论了医院获得性肺炎的危险因素、其诊断中的争议，以及医院获得性肺炎和与医疗保健相关肺炎的治疗和预防方法。
