Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Population Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
J Cancer. 2013 Jun 28;4(5):416-26. doi: 10.7150/jca.6442. Print 2013.
Prostate-specific antigen test and digital rectal examination are considered important screening methods for early detection of prostate cancer. However, the utilization of prostate cancer screening varies widely and there is limited knowledge of the predictors of utilization.
Self-reported prostate cancer screening utilization within the last 2 years was investigated among 11,162 black and non-black North American Seventh-day Adventist men, aged 50-75 years, with different dietary patterns and lifestyle characteristics.
Blacks were more likely to screen for prostate cancer than non-blacks (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.57). Those with a vegetarian diet, especially vegans, were less likely to follow screening guidelines, particularly among non-Blacks: vegans (OR=0.47, 0.39-0.58), lacto-ovo-vegetarians (OR=0.75, 0.66-0.86), and pesco-vegetarians (OR=0.74, 0.60-0.91) compared to non-vegetarians after adjusting for age, BMI, marital status, education, income, and family history of cancer. Trends for dietary patterns remained unchanged after stratification on age, family history of cancer, education, personal income, marital status, and BMI. Among black men, diet patterns showed no significant associations with utilization of prostate cancer screening, although vegans tended to underutilize screening compared to non-vegetarians (OR=0.70, 0.44-1.10).
Vegetarians, especially non-black vegans, are less likely to follow recommended prostate cancer screening guidelines. The effect of diet was attenuated, and not statistically significant, among black men.
Since only about 60% of US men follow prostate cancer screening guidelines, it is important to study reasons for non-compliance in order to increase utilization of preventive measures against prostate cancer.
前列腺特异性抗原检测和直肠指检被认为是早期发现前列腺癌的重要筛查方法。然而，前列腺癌筛查的应用差异很大，对其应用的预测因素知之甚少。
在过去 2 年中，对 11162 名年龄在 50-75 岁之间的北美第七日浸礼会的黑人和非黑人男性进行了自我报告的前列腺癌筛查利用情况调查，这些男性具有不同的饮食模式和生活方式特征。
黑人比非黑人更有可能进行前列腺癌筛查（优势比（OR）=1.38（95%置信区间（CI）：1.20-1.57））。素食者，尤其是严格素食者，不太可能遵循筛查指南，特别是在非黑人中：严格素食者（OR=0.47，0.39-0.58）、乳蛋素食者（OR=0.75，0.66-0.86）和鱼素食者（OR=0.74，0.60-0.91），与非素食者相比，在调整年龄、体重指数（BMI）、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入和癌症家族史后。在按年龄、癌症家族史、教育程度、个人收入、婚姻状况和 BMI 分层后，饮食模式的趋势保持不变。在黑人男性中，饮食模式与前列腺癌筛查的利用没有显著关联，尽管严格素食者与非素食者相比，筛查的利用率较低（OR=0.70，0.44-1.10）。
素食者，尤其是非黑人严格素食者，不太可能遵循推荐的前列腺癌筛查指南。在黑人男性中，饮食的影响减弱，且无统计学意义。
由于只有约 60%的美国男性遵循前列腺癌筛查指南，因此研究不遵守这些指南的原因对于增加预防前列腺癌的措施的利用非常重要。
