Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Feb;22(2):286-94. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1060. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Dietary factors account for at least 30% of all cancers in Western countries. As people do not consume individual foods but rather combinations of them, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and cancer risk.
We examined the association between dietary patterns (non-vegetarians, lacto, pesco, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and the overall cancer incidence among 69,120 participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. Cancer cases were identified by matching to cancer registries. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios, with "attained age" as the time variable.
A total of 2,939 incident cancer cases were identified. The multivariate HR of overall cancer risk among vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians was statistically significant [HR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85-0.99] for both genders combined. Also, a statistically significant association was found between vegetarian diet and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.90). When analyzing the association of specific vegetarian dietary patterns, vegan diets showed statistically significant protection for overall cancer incidence (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99) in both genders combined and for female-specific cancers (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.92). Lacto-ovo-vegetarians appeared to be associated with decreased risk of cancers of the gastrointestinal system (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.92).
Vegetarian diets seem to confer protection against cancer.
Vegan diet seems to confer lower risk for overall and female-specific cancer than other dietary patterns. The lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets seem to confer protection from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract.
癌症是美国的第二大死亡原因。在西方国家，饮食因素至少占所有癌症的 30%。由于人们不是食用单一的食物，而是多种食物的组合，因此评估饮食模式在确定饮食与癌症风险之间的关联时可能会提供有价值的信息。
我们研究了饮食模式（非素食者、乳素食者、鱼素食者、严格素食者和半素食者）与 69120 名 Adventist Health Study-2 参与者的总体癌症发病率之间的关联。通过与癌症登记处匹配来确定癌症病例。使用“获得年龄”作为时间变量，进行 Cox 比例风险回归分析来估计危险比。
共确定了 2939 例癌症病例。对于两性，素食者的总体癌症风险的多变量 HR 与非素食者相比具有统计学意义[HR，0.92；95%置信区间（CI），0.85-0.99]。此外，素食饮食与胃肠道癌症之间也存在统计学上的显著关联（HR，0.76；95%CI，0.63-0.90）。在分析特定素食饮食模式的关联时，严格素食饮食对于两性的总体癌症发病率（HR，0.84；95%CI，0.72-0.99）以及女性特有的癌症（HR，0.66；95%CI，0.47-0.92）均显示出统计学上的保护作用。乳蛋素食者似乎与胃肠道系统癌症的风险降低有关（HR，0.75；95%CI，0.60-0.92）。
素食饮食似乎对癌症有保护作用。
严格素食饮食似乎比其他饮食模式更能降低整体和女性特有的癌症风险。乳蛋素食似乎能预防胃肠道癌症。
