Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, 108-8641, Tokyo,
J Infect Chemother. 2013 Oct;19(5):787-98. doi: 10.1007/s10156-013-0641-6. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
The concept of immunization was started in Japan in 1849 when Jenner's cowpox vaccine seed was introduced, and the current immunization law was stipulated in 1948. There have been two turning points for amendments to the immunization law: the compensation remedy for vaccine-associated adverse events in 1976, and the concept of private vaccination in 1994. In 1992, the regional Court of Tokyo, not the Supreme Court, decided the governmental responsibility on vaccine-associated adverse events, which caused the stagnation of vaccine development. In 2010, many universal vaccines became available as the recommended vaccines, but several vaccines, including mumps, zoster, hepatitis B, and rota vaccines, are still voluntary vaccines, not universal routine applications. In this report, immunization strategies and vaccine development are reviewed for each vaccine item and future vaccine concerns are discussed.
免疫接种的概念始于 1849 年，当时日本引入了詹纳的牛痘疫苗种子，现行的免疫接种法于 1948 年规定。免疫接种法有两次修订的转折点：1976 年与疫苗相关的不良事件的赔偿补救，以及 1994 年的私人接种概念。1992 年，东京地方法院（而不是最高法院）就与疫苗相关的不良事件决定了政府的责任，这导致了疫苗开发的停滞。2010 年，许多通用疫苗作为推荐疫苗上市，但仍有几种疫苗，包括腮腺炎、带状疱疹、乙型肝炎和轮状病毒疫苗，是自愿接种疫苗，而不是普遍常规应用。在本报告中，对每种疫苗的免疫接种策略和疫苗开发进行了审查，并讨论了未来的疫苗关注。
