Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Drugs. 2013 Jul;73(11):1147-55. doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0079-2.
Since the introduction of the first meningococcal conjugate vaccines in 1999, remarkable progress has been made in reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by meningococcal disease. Currently, varying meningococcal conjugate vaccines provide protection against serogroups A, C, Y, and W meningococcal disease. A large impact has been seen after vaccine introduction, particularly in the UK after vaccinating all 1-17 year olds. The introduction of serogroup A conjugate vaccine in the meningitis belt has the potential to control epidemics of disease that disproportionately affect this area of the world. Issues remain that require continued vigilance with disease surveillance and frequent reassessment of vaccine strategies. These issues include duration of protection, potential increases in non-vaccine serogroups, and vaccine safety and potential interference with other routine vaccines. Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines are protein-based vaccines, with the first approved in early 2013. Understanding the potential impact of serogroup B vaccines is critical to developing future meningococcal vaccination strategies.
自 1999 年引入第一种脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗以来，在降低脑膜炎球菌病的发病率和死亡率方面取得了显著进展。目前，不同的脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗可预防 A、C、Y 和 W 群脑膜炎球菌病。疫苗接种后产生了巨大影响，尤其是在英国为所有 1-17 岁人群接种疫苗后。在脑膜炎带引入 A 群结合疫苗有可能控制疾病的流行，这些疾病在世界这一地区不成比例地影响着人们。仍存在一些问题，需要继续对疾病监测保持警惕，并经常重新评估疫苗策略。这些问题包括保护的持续时间、非疫苗血清群潜在增加的可能性、疫苗安全性以及与其他常规疫苗潜在的干扰。B 群脑膜炎球菌疫苗是基于蛋白质的疫苗，第一种疫苗于 2013 年初获得批准。了解 B 群疫苗的潜在影响对于制定未来的脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种策略至关重要。
