Kleim B, Wilhelm F H, Temp L, Margraf J, Wiederhold B K, Rasch B
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Psychol Med. 2014 May;44(7):1511-9. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713001748. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Sleep benefits memory consolidation. Here, we tested the beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation following exposure psychotherapy of phobic anxiety.
A total of 40 individuals afflicted with spider phobia according to DSM-IV underwent a one-session virtual reality exposure treatment and either slept for 90 min or stayed awake afterwards.
Sleep following exposure therapy compared with wakefulness led to better reductions in self-reported fear (p = 0.045, d = 0.47) and catastrophic spider-related cognitions (p = 0.026, d = 0.53) during approaching a live spider, both tested after 1 week. Both reductions were associated with greater percentages of stage 2 sleep.
Our results indicate that sleep following successful psychotherapy, such as exposure therapy, improves therapeutic effectiveness, possibly by strengthening new non-fearful memory traces established during therapy. These findings offer an important non-invasive alternative to recent attempts to facilitate therapeutic memory extinction and consolidation processes with pharmacological or behavioral interventions.
睡眠有益于记忆巩固。在此，我们测试了睡眠对恐旷症焦虑暴露心理治疗后记忆巩固的有益作用。
根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版，共有40名患有蜘蛛恐惧症的个体接受了一次虚拟现实暴露治疗，之后要么睡90分钟，要么保持清醒。
暴露疗法后睡眠与清醒相比，在接近活蜘蛛时，自我报告的恐惧（p = 0.045，d = 0.47）和与蜘蛛相关的灾难性认知（p = 0.026，d = 0.53）在1周后测试时均有更好的降低。这两种降低都与第二阶段睡眠的更高比例相关。
我们的结果表明，成功的心理治疗（如暴露疗法）后的睡眠可提高治疗效果，可能是通过加强治疗期间建立的新的无恐惧记忆痕迹。这些发现为最近试图通过药物或行为干预促进治疗性记忆消退和巩固过程提供了一种重要的非侵入性替代方法。
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