与清醒状态相比，在一段睡眠期后，青少年前期的焦虑严重程度与负面记忆的更广泛泛化有关。
Anxiety severity in peri-adolescents is associated with greater generalization of negative memories following a period of sleep relative to wake.
作者信息
Eihentale Liga, Kimbler Adam, Sollenberger Nathan A, Cummings Logan R, Yeguez Carlos E, Patriarca Guadalupe C, Pettit Jeremy W, McMakin Dana L, Mattfeld Aaron T
机构信息
Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.70005.
BACKGROUND
Sleep may facilitate preferential selection and reactivation of emotional information for memory consolidation, contributing to negative overgeneralization (i.e., an increased tendency to generalize negative information) in anxious individuals. We examined two aspects of emotional memory-recognition and generalization-in peri-adolescents across a spectrum of anxiety severity using a sleep-wake design. We hypothesized that anxiety severity would interact with sleep to increase recognition and generalization of negative stimuli.
METHODS
Thirty-four participants (16 females; mean age = 11.4, SD = 2.0) completed an emotional memory similarity task with a 10- to 12-h sleep or wake retention interval, monitored by actigraphy and daily diary. Participants rated the valence (negative, neutral, positive) of images at encoding. During a recognition test, they identified targets (previously seen images), lures (images similar to targets), and foils (new images).
RESULTS
A mixed-effects model showed a significant three-way interaction between anxiety severity (PARS-6), valence, and group (b = .011, SE = .005, p = .042). For negative valence, the effect of anxiety was significant in the sleep group (b = .013, p < .001) but not in the wake group (b = .0004, p = .927), with the slopes differing significantly (b = -.013, p = .020). In the sleep group, the negative slope was significantly greater than neutral (b = -.012, p = .002) but not positive (b = .007, p = .128). Slopes for neutral valence were not significant in either group (all ps > .05). Target recognition and lure discrimination interaction models were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide evidence that anxiety severity in peri-adolescents is associated with greater generalization of emotional-particularly negative-content following sleep compared to wakefulness. Sleep-related emotional memory consolidation may contribute to negative overgeneralization, an etiological feature of anxiety disorders and a potential mechanism of change. Further investigation is warranted, especially during sensitive developmental periods like peri-adolescence.
背景
睡眠可能有助于对情绪信息进行优先选择和重新激活，以巩固记忆，从而导致焦虑个体出现消极过度泛化（即对负面信息泛化的倾向增加）。我们采用睡眠-清醒设计，研究了不同焦虑严重程度的青少年前期个体在情绪记忆识别和泛化方面的两个特征。我们假设焦虑严重程度会与睡眠相互作用，增加对负面刺激的识别和泛化。
方法
34名参与者（16名女性；平均年龄=11.4岁，标准差=2.0）完成了一项情绪记忆相似性任务，保留间隔为10至12小时的睡眠或清醒状态，通过活动记录仪和每日日记进行监测。参与者在编码时对图像的效价（负面、中性、正面）进行评分。在识别测试中，他们识别目标（之前看过的图像）、诱饵（与目标相似的图像）和陪衬物（新图像）。
结果
一个混合效应模型显示，焦虑严重程度（PARS-6）、效价和组别之间存在显著的三向交互作用（b=0.011，标准误=0.005，p=0.042）。对于负效价，焦虑在睡眠组中的效应显著（b=0.013，p<0.001），但在清醒组中不显著（b=0.0004，p=0.927），斜率差异显著（b=-0.013，p=0.020）。在睡眠组中，负斜率显著大于中性斜率（b=-0.012，p=0.002），但不大于正斜率（b=0.007，p=0.128）。两组中性效价的斜率均不显著（所有p>0.05）。目标识别和诱饵辨别交互模型不显著。
结论
我们提供的证据表明，与清醒状态相比，青少年前期个体的焦虑严重程度与睡眠后情绪（尤其是负面内容）的更大泛化有关。与睡眠相关的情绪记忆巩固可能导致消极过度泛化，这是焦虑症的一个病因特征和潜在的变化机制。有必要进行进一步研究，尤其是在青少年前期这样的敏感发育阶段。
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