养老院中压力性溃疡预防措施的知识与应用：荷兰和德国护理人员的比较

Knowledge and use of pressure ulcer preventive measures in nursing homes: a comparison of Dutch and German nursing staff.

作者信息

Meesterberends Esther, Wilborn Doris, Lohrmann Christa, Schols Jos M G A, Halfens Ruud J G

机构信息

Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

J Clin Nurs. 2014 Jul;23(13-14):1948-58. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12352. Epub 2013 Jul 12.

DOI:10.1111/jocn.12352

PMID:23844636

Abstract

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To examine the knowledge and use of pressure ulcer preventive measures among nursing staff in Dutch and German nursing homes.

BACKGROUND

Studies in the Netherlands and Germany have shown a large discrepancy in pressure ulcer prevalence rates among nursing homes in both countries and concluded that some of this variance could be explained by differences in pressure ulcer prevention.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey nested in a prospective multicenter cohort study.

METHODS

A questionnaire was distributed to nursing staff employed in 10 Dutch nursing homes (n = 600) and 11 German nursing homes (n = 578). Data were collected in January 2009.

RESULTS

The response rate was 75·7% in the Netherlands (n = 454) and 48·4% in Germany (n = 283). Knowledge about useful pressure ulcer preventive measures was moderate in both countries, while nonuseful preventive measures were poorly known. On average, only 19·2% (the Netherlands) and 24·6% (Germany) of preventive measures were judged correctly as nonuseful. The same pattern could be seen with regard to the use of preventive measures, because nonuseful preventive measures were still commonly used according to the respondents.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that the respondents' knowledge and use of pressure ulcer preventive measures could be improved in both countries, especially for nonuseful measures. Changes and improvements can be achieved by providing sufficient education and refresher courses for nurses and nursing assistants employed within Dutch and German nursing homes.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Recurring education about pressure ulcer prevention is required among nursing staff employed in Dutch and German nursing homes, particularly in relation to the use of ineffective and outdated preventive measures. Obstacles regarding the implementation of preventive measures should be addressed to achieve a change in practice.

摘要

目的与目标

调查荷兰和德国养老院护理人员对压疮预防措施的知识掌握情况及使用情况。

背景

荷兰和德国的研究表明，两国养老院的压疮患病率存在很大差异，并得出结论，这种差异部分可归因于压疮预防措施的不同。

设计

一项嵌套在前瞻性多中心队列研究中的横断面问卷调查。

方法

向10家荷兰养老院（n = 600）和11家德国养老院（n = 578）的护理人员发放问卷。数据于2009年1月收集。

结果

荷兰的回复率为75.7%（n = 454），德国为48.4%（n = 283）。两国护理人员对有用的压疮预防措施的了解程度一般，而对无用的预防措施了解甚少。平均而言，只有19.2%（荷兰）和24.6%（德国）的预防措施被正确判断为无用。在预防措施的使用方面也呈现出同样的模式，因为根据受访者的说法，无用的预防措施仍在普遍使用。