University of Memphis, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States.
Addict Behav. 2013 Oct;38(10):2607-18. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Drug use during the college years is a significant public health concern. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of prevention and treatment studies of college student drug use in order to guide college prevention efforts and to inform and stimulate new research in this area. First, established risk factors for drug use were reviewed. High levels of personality traits including, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, negative emotionality, emotional dysregulation, and personality disorder symptoms increase risk for drug use. Drug use has also been linked to overestimating normative levels of drug use and experiencing negative life events, and specific motives for drug use are linked to more problematic patterns. There have been very few studies examining prevention and treatment, but parent-based and in-person brief motivational interventions appear to be promising. Longitudinal studies of the development and course of drug use among college students, as well as clinical trials to evaluate novel theoretically-based intervention and prevention programs that take into account established risk factors for drug abuse are needed.
大学生药物使用是一个重大的公共卫生关注点。本文的主要目标是对大学生药物使用的预防和治疗研究进行全面综述，以便指导大学预防工作，并为该领域的新研究提供信息和启发。首先，我们回顾了已确立的药物使用风险因素。高水平的人格特质，包括冲动、寻求刺激、消极情绪、情绪调节不良和人格障碍症状，会增加药物使用的风险。药物使用还与高估药物使用的规范水平和经历负面生活事件有关，特定的药物使用动机与更成问题的模式有关。虽然已经有很少的研究检查预防和治疗，但基于父母的和面对面的简短动机干预似乎很有前途。需要对大学生药物使用的发展和过程进行纵向研究，以及开展临床试验，以评估基于理论的新型干预和预防方案，这些方案应考虑到药物滥用的既定风险因素。
