School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK.
FEBS J. 2013 Oct;280(19):4711-28. doi: 10.1111/febs.12433. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Over 100 years after its first discovery, several new aspects of the biology of the redox co-factor NAD are rapidly emerging. NAD, as well as its precursors, its derivatives, and its metabolic enzymes, have been recently shown to play a determinant role in a variety of biological functions, from the classical role in oxidative phosphorylation and redox reactions to a role in regulation of gene transcription, lifespan and cell death, from a role in neurotransmission to a role in axon degeneration, and from a function in regulation of glucose homeostasis to that of control of circadian rhythm. It is also becoming clear that this variety of specialized functions is regulated by the fine subcellular localization of NAD, its related nucleotides and its metabolic enzymatic machinery. Here we describe the known NAD biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, and review evidence supporting a specialized role for NAD metabolism in a subcellular compartment-dependent manner.
尽管 NAD 发现已有 100 多年，但近年来人们对其生物学特性的认识仍在不断深入。NAD 及其前体、衍生物和代谢酶在多种生物学功能中发挥着决定性作用，其作用不仅包括经典的氧化磷酸化和氧化还原反应，还包括基因转录调控、寿命和细胞死亡调控、神经递质传递调控、轴突退化调控、葡萄糖稳态调节以及昼夜节律控制等。此外，NAD、相关核苷酸及其代谢酶的精细亚细胞定位也对这些特异性功能的调节起着关键作用。本文将对 NAD 的生物合成和分解代谢途径进行综述，并探讨 NAD 代谢以亚细胞区室依赖的方式发挥特异性作用的证据。
