Kierans Sarah J, Taylor Cormac T
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
J Biol Chem. 2024 Nov;300(11):107906. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107906. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Glycolysis is a highly conserved metabolic pathway responsible for the anaerobic production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the breakdown of glucose molecules. While serving as a primary metabolic pathway in prokaryotes, glycolysis is also utilized by respiring eukaryotic cells, providing pyruvate to fuel oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, glycolysis is the primary source of ATP production in multiple cellular states (e.g., hypoxia) and is particularly important in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis in the most abundant cell type in the human body, the erythrocyte. Beyond its role in ATP production, glycolysis also functions as a signaling hub, producing several metabolic intermediates which serve roles in both signaling and metabolic processes. These signals emanating from the glycolytic pathway can profoundly impact cell function, phenotype, and fate and have previously been overlooked. In this review, we will discuss the role of the glycolytic pathway as a source of signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells, emphasizing the newfound recognition of glycolysis' multifaceted nature and its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis, beyond its traditional role in ATP synthesis.
糖酵解是一种高度保守的代谢途径，负责在无氧条件下将葡萄糖分子分解以产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）。糖酵解在原核生物中是主要的代谢途径，进行有氧呼吸的真核细胞也会利用它，为氧化代谢提供丙酮酸。此外，糖酵解是多种细胞状态（如缺氧）下ATP产生的主要来源，在维持人体中最丰富的细胞类型——红细胞的生物能量稳态方面尤为重要。除了在ATP产生中的作用外，糖酵解还作为一个信号枢纽发挥作用，产生几种在信号传导和代谢过程中都起作用的代谢中间体。这些源自糖酵解途径的信号可深刻影响细胞功能、表型和命运，而此前一直被忽视。在本综述中，我们将讨论糖酵解途径作为真核细胞中信号分子来源的作用，强调对糖酵解多方面性质的新认识及其在维持细胞稳态中的重要性，这超出了其在ATP合成中的传统作用。
