Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2013 Oct;166(2):352-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.07.008. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Impulsive pile driving sound can cause injury to fishes, but no studies to date have examined whether such injuries include damage to sensory hair cells in the ear. Possible effects on hair cells were tested using a specially designed wave tube to expose two species, hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass Morone saxatilis) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), to pile driving sounds. Fish were exposed to 960 pile driving strikes at one of three treatment levels: 216, 213, or 210dB re 1 μPa(2)·s cumulative Sound Exposure Level. Both hybrid striped bass and tilapia exhibited barotraumas such as swim bladder ruptures, herniations, and hematomas to several organs. Hybrid striped bass exposed to the highest sound level had significant numbers of damaged hair cells, while no damage was found when fish were exposed at lower sound levels. Considerable hair cell damage was found in only one out of 11 tilapia specimens exposed at the highest sound level. Results suggest that impulsive sounds such as from pile driving may have a more significant effect on the swim bladders and surrounding organs than on the inner ears of fishes, at least at the sound exposure levels used in this study.
冲动桩驱动声音会对鱼类造成伤害，但迄今为止尚无研究检查这些伤害是否包括耳朵中的感觉毛细胞损伤。使用专门设计的波管测试了对毛细胞的可能影响，该波管将两个物种，杂交条纹鲈鱼（白鲈 Morone chrysops×条纹鲈 Morone saxatilis）和莫桑比克罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）暴露于桩驱动声音中。鱼在三种处理水平之一下暴露于 960 次桩驱动冲击：216、213 或 210dB re 1 μPa(2)·s 累积声暴露级。杂交条纹鲈鱼和罗非鱼都表现出了诸如鳔破裂、疝和多个器官血肿等气压伤。在最高声级下暴露的杂交条纹鲈鱼有大量受损的毛细胞，而在较低声级下暴露的鱼则没有发现任何损伤。在最高声级下暴露的 11 条罗非鱼标本中，只有一条发现了相当数量的毛细胞损伤。结果表明，与鱼类的内耳相比，冲击声（例如桩驱动产生的冲击声）对鳔和周围器官的影响可能更大，至少在本研究中使用的声暴露水平下是如此。
