Shekar Byalakere Rudraiah Chandra, Suma Shankarappa, Kumar Sudarshan, Sukhabogi Jagadeeswara Rao, Manjunath Bhadravathi Cheluvaiah
Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, Bhanpur, Bhopal, India.
Indian J Dent Res. 2013 Jan-Feb;24(1):1-7. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.114910.
To compare the overall dental aesthetic index scores between rural and urban areas, males and females, and to correlate dental aesthetic index score with fluoride concentration in drinking water.
The study was cross sectional and conducted among 15 year old adolescents in the rural and urban areas of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India (an endemic fluoride belt).
Six out of 59 mandals in Nalgonda district were first selected by simple random sampling technique. Then 24 secondary schools were selected from these six selected mandals. All eligible grade X children from these sixteen rural and eight urban schools, having different fluoride concentrations in drinking water, selected by simple random sampling, were considered for the study. Dentofacial anomalies with criteria of dental aesthetic index were used for assessing malocclusion. The information on the dietary habits, orthodontic treatment history, parafunctional habits, continuous residence etc., was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The examination was carried out by three trained and calibrated dentists. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scores, in areas with below optimal, optimal and above optimal fluoride concentrations, between urban and rural areas were compared and analyzed using SPSS windows version 16.
The mean DAI scores, for the rural and urban population were 21.37 ± 5.845 (mean ± SD) and 22.26 ± 6.115, for males and females, it was 20.86 ± 5.100 and 22.70 ± 6.713 respectively. The mean DAI scores in areas with below optimal, optimal and above optimal fluoride concentration were 23.42 ± 7.205 (mean ± SD), 20.85 ± 4.658 and 19.93 ± 4.312 respectively.
The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more in urban than rural areas, more among females than males, and it decreased with increasing concentration of fluoride in drinking water.
比较农村和城市地区、男性和女性之间的总体牙齿美学指数得分，并将牙齿美学指数得分与饮用水中的氟化物浓度进行关联分析。
本研究为横断面研究，在印度安得拉邦纳尔贡达区（一个地方性氟中毒带）的农村和城市地区的15岁青少年中进行。
首先采用简单随机抽样技术从纳尔贡达区的59个行政区中选取6个。然后从这6个选定的行政区中选取24所中学。通过简单随机抽样，从这16所农村学校和8所城市学校中选取所有符合条件的十年级学生，这些学校的饮用水中氟化物浓度不同，将他们纳入研究。采用牙齿美学指数标准的牙面异常情况来评估错牙合畸形。使用预先设计的问卷收集饮食习惯、正畸治疗史、功能异常习惯、连续居住情况等信息。由三名经过培训且校准的牙医进行检查。使用SPSS 16.0版软件对城市和农村地区在氟化物浓度低于最佳、最佳和高于最佳水平的区域的牙齿美学指数（DAI）得分进行比较和分析。
农村和城市人群的平均DAI得分分别为21.37±5.845（均值±标准差）和22.26±6.115，男性和女性的平均DAI得分分别为20.86±5.100和22.70±6.713。氟化物浓度低于最佳、最佳和高于最佳水平区域的平均DAI得分分别为23.42±7.205（均值±标准差）、20.85±4.658和19.93±4.312。
错牙合畸形的患病率和严重程度在城市高于农村，女性高于男性，并且随着饮用水中氟化物浓度的增加而降低。
