Department of Materials Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Nov 21;42(22):8733-68. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60141b.
Biosensors are of great significance because of their capability to resolve a potentially large number of analytical problems and challenges in very diverse areas such as defense, homeland security, agriculture and food safety, environmental monitoring, medicine, pharmacology, industry, etc. The expanding role of biosensing in society and a real-world environment has led to an exponential growth of the R&D efforts around the world. The world market for biosensor devices, according to Global Industry Analysts, Inc., is expected to reach $12 billion by 2015. Such expedient growth is driven by several factors including medical and health problems, such as a growing population with a high risk of diabetes and obesity, and the rising incidence of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, etc.; significant problems with environmental monitoring; and of course serious challenges in security and military applications and agriculture/food safety. A review paper in the biosensor technology area may be structured based on (i) the principles of detection, such as the type of transducer platform, bioanalytical principles (affinity or kinetic), and biorecognition elements origin/properties (i.e. antibodies, enzymes, cells, aptamers, etc.), and (ii) the application area. This review follows the latter strategy and focuses on the applications. This allows discussion on how different sensing strategies are brought to bear on the same problem and highlights advantages/disadvantages of these sensing strategies. Given the broad range of biosensor related applications, several particularly relevant areas of application were selected for review: biological threat agents, chemical threat agents, and medicine.
生物传感器具有重要意义，因为它们能够解决许多不同领域的分析问题和挑战，如国防、国土安全、农业和食品安全、环境监测、医学、药理学、工业等。生物传感在社会和现实环境中的作用不断扩大，导致全球研发工作呈指数级增长。根据全球行业分析师公司的数据，到 2015 年，全球生物传感器设备市场预计将达到 120 亿美元。这种快速增长是由多种因素驱动的，包括医疗和健康问题，如糖尿病和肥胖风险高的人口增长，以及心脏病、中风、癌症、慢性呼吸道疾病、结核病等慢性疾病的发病率上升；环境监测方面的重大问题；当然，安全和军事应用以及农业/食品安全也面临着严峻挑战。生物传感器技术领域的综述论文可以基于 (i) 检测原理，如换能器平台的类型、生物分析原理（亲和力或动力学）和生物识别元件的来源/特性（即抗体、酶、细胞、适体等），和 (ii) 应用领域来构建。本文综述遵循后一种策略，重点关注应用。这允许讨论不同的传感策略如何应用于同一问题，并突出这些传感策略的优缺点。鉴于生物传感器相关应用的广泛范围，选择了几个特别相关的应用领域进行综述：生物威胁剂、化学威胁剂和医学。
