Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro # 8701, Colonia Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, ZC, 58190, Mexico,
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Dec;185(12):10297-316. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3333-x. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
Community-Based Environmental Monitoring (CBM) is a social practice that makes a valuable contribution to environmental management and construction of active societies for sustainable future. However, its documentation and analysis show deficiencies that hinder contrast and comparison of processes and effects. Based on systems approach, this article presents a model of CBM to orient assessment of programs, with heuristic or practical goals. In a focal level, the model comprises three components, the social subject, the object of monitoring, and the means of action, and five processes, data management, social learning, assimilation/decision making, direct action, and linking. Emergent properties were also identified in the focal and suprafocal levels considering community self-organization, response capacity, and autonomy for environmental management. The model was applied to the assessment of a CBM program of water quality implemented in rural areas in Mexico. Attributes and variables (indicators) for components, processes, and emergent properties were selected to measure changes that emerged since the program implementation. The assessment of the first 3 years (2010-2012) detected changes that indicated movement towards the expected results, but it revealed also the need to adjust the intervention strategy and procedures. Components and processes of the model reflected relevant aspects of the CBM in real world. The component called means of action as a key element to transit "from the data to the action." The CBM model offered a conceptual framework with advantages to understand CBM as a socioecological event and to strengthen its implementation under different conditions and contexts.
基于社区的环境监测（CBM）是一种社会实践，为环境管理和积极社会的建设做出了有价值的贡献，以实现可持续的未来。然而，其文件记录和分析显示出一些缺陷，这些缺陷阻碍了对过程和效果的对比和比较。本文基于系统方法，提出了一个 CBM 模型，以指导具有启发式或实际目标的计划评估。在焦点层面上，该模型由三个组成部分、监测对象和行动手段以及五个过程组成，包括数据管理、社会学习、同化/决策、直接行动和联系。在焦点和超焦点层面上还确定了涌现属性，考虑到社区的自我组织、响应能力和环境管理的自主权。该模型应用于评估在墨西哥农村地区实施的水质 CBM 计划。选择了组件、过程和涌现属性的属性和变量（指标）来衡量自该计划实施以来出现的变化。对前 3 年（2010-2012 年）的评估检测到了表明朝着预期结果发展的变化，但也显示出需要调整干预策略和程序。模型的组件和过程反映了现实世界中 CBM 的相关方面。称为行动手段的组件作为从数据到行动的关键要素。CBM 模型提供了一个概念框架，有助于理解 CBM 作为一个社会生态事件，并在不同的条件和背景下加强其实施。
