Atomic carbide bonding leading to superior graphene networks.

A versatile method for achieving atomic carbide-bonded graphene networks on both metallic and non-metallic substrates is described. This consists of vacuum-assisted thermal exfoliation and floatation of functional graphenes at elevated temperatures, followed by deposition on substrates and in situ formation of carbide bonds. The cross-linked graphene networks with an interlayer distance of angstroms exhibits a unique combination of unprecedented properties.