Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2013 Sep;346(2):146-54. doi: 10.1111/1574-6968.12216. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
The bacterial diversity of seeds, transmission of bacteria from seed to phyllosphere, and fate of seed-transmitted bacteria on mature plants are poorly characterized. Understanding the dynamics of microbial communities is important for finding bio-control or mitigation strategies for human and plant pathogens. Bacterial populations colonizing spermosphere and phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seedlings and plants were characterized using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Spinach seed microbiota was composed of three bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, belonging to > 250 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Seed and cotyledon bacterial communities were similar in richness and diversity. Richness of 3-4 leaf-stage of development plants increased markedly to > 850 OTUs classified within 11 phyla. Although some bacterial OTUs were detected on seeds, cotyledons and plants, the breadth of new sequences indicates the importance of multiple sources outside the seed in shaping phyllosphere community. Most classified sequences were from previously undescribed taxa, highlighting the benefits of pyrosequencing in describing seed diversity and phyllosphere bacterial communities. Bacterial community richness increased from 250 different OTUs for spinach seeds and cotyledons, to 800 OTUs for seedlings. To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive characterization of the spinach microbiome, complementing previous culture-based and clone library studies.
种子中的细菌多样性、细菌从种子到叶际的传播以及成熟植物上传播的种子细菌的命运都没有得到很好的描述。了解微生物群落的动态对于寻找针对人类和植物病原体的生物控制或缓解策略非常重要。使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子的焦磷酸测序，对菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）幼苗和植物的精子体和叶际中的细菌种群进行了表征。菠菜种子微生物群由三个细菌门组成：变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门，属于> 250 个不同的操作分类单元（OTU）。种子和子叶的细菌群落在丰富度和多样性方面相似。发育到 3-4 叶期的植物的丰富度显着增加，达到> 850 个属于 11 个门的 OTU。尽管在种子、子叶和植物上检测到了一些细菌 OTU，但新序列的广度表明种子外的多种来源对叶际群落的形成很重要。大多数分类序列来自以前未描述的分类群，突出了焦磷酸测序在描述种子多样性和叶际细菌群落方面的优势。细菌群落的丰富度从菠菜种子和子叶的 250 个不同 OTU 增加到幼苗的 800 OTU。据我们所知，这是首次对菠菜微生物组进行全面描述，补充了以前的基于培养和克隆文库的研究。
