Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
Biotechnol Adv. 2013 Dec;31(8):1473-85. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
Hydroxy fatty acids are widely used in chemical, food, and cosmetic industries as starting materials for the synthesis of polymers and as additives for the manufacture of lubricants, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. They have antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities and therefore can be applied for medicinal uses. Microbial fatty acid-hydroxylation enzymes, including P450, lipoxygenase, hydratase, 12-hydroxylase, and diol synthase, synthesize regio-specific hydroxy fatty acids. In this article, microbial fatty acid-hydroxylation enzymes, with a focus on region-specificity and diversity, are summarized and the production of mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids is introduced. Finally, the production methods of regio-specific and diverse hydroxy fatty acids, such as gene screening, protein engineering, metabolic engineering, and combinatory biosynthesis, are suggested.
羟基脂肪酸被广泛应用于化工、食品和化妆品行业，可用作合成聚合物的起始原料，也可用作制造润滑剂、乳化剂和稳定剂的添加剂。它们具有抗生素、抗炎和抗癌活性，因此可用于医药用途。微生物脂肪酸羟化酶，包括 P450、脂氧合酶、水合酶、12-羟化酶和二醇合酶，可合成具有区域特异性的羟基脂肪酸。本文综述了微生物脂肪酸羟化酶，重点介绍了其区域特异性和多样性，并介绍了单、双和三羟基脂肪酸的生产。最后，提出了基因筛选、蛋白质工程、代谢工程和组合生物合成等产生具有区域特异性和多样性的羟基脂肪酸的方法。
