Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Microb Cell Fact. 2022 Apr 9;21(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12934-022-01777-6.
Fatty acid hydratases are unique to microorganisms. Their native function is the oxidation of unsaturated C-C bonds to enable detoxification of environmental toxins. Within this enzyme family, the oleate hydratases (Ohys), which catalyze the hydroxylation of oleic acid to 10-(R)-hydroxy stearic acid (10-HSA) have recently gained particular industrial interest. 10-HSA is considered to be a replacement for 12-(R)-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA), which has a broad application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. As 12-HSA is obtained through an energy consuming synthesis process, the biotechnological route for sustainable 10-HSA production is of significant industrial interest. All Ohys identified to date have a non-redox active FAD bound in their active site. Ohys can be divided in several subfamilies, that differ in their oligomerization state and the decoration with amino acids in their active sites. The latter observation indicates a different reaction mechanism across those subfamilies. Despite intensive biotechnological, biochemical and structural investigations, surprising little is known about substrate binding and the reaction mechanism of this enzyme family. This review, summarizes our current understanding of Ohys with a focus on sustainable biotransformation.
脂肪酸水合酶是微生物所特有的。它们的天然功能是氧化不饱和的 C-C 键，以实现环境毒素的解毒。在这个酶家族中，催化油酸羟化为 10-(R)-羟基硬脂酸（10-HSA）的油酰基水合酶（Ohys）最近引起了人们的特别关注。10-HSA 被认为是 12-(R)-羟基硬脂酸（12-HSA）的替代品，12-HSA 在化学和制药行业有广泛的应用。由于 12-HSA 是通过耗能的合成工艺获得的，因此可持续生产 10-HSA 的生物技术途径具有重要的工业意义。迄今为止鉴定的所有 Ohys 在其活性部位都结合有非氧化还原活性的 FAD。Ohys 可以分为几个亚家族，它们在寡聚状态和活性部位的氨基酸修饰方面有所不同。后一种观察表明，这些亚家族之间存在不同的反应机制。尽管进行了广泛的生物技术、生化和结构研究，但对于该酶家族的底物结合和反应机制，人们的了解仍然惊人地有限。本文综述了我们目前对 Ohys 的理解，重点是可持续的生物转化。
