Dank Meredith, Lachman Pamela, Zweig Janine M, Yahner Jennifer
Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, Washington, DC, USA,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 May;43(5):846-57. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9975-8. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
Media attention and the literature on lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth overwhelmingly focus on violence involving hate crimes and bullying, while ignoring the fact that vulnerable youth also may be at increased risk of violence in their dating relationships. In this study, we examine physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber dating violence experiences among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth--as compared to those of heterosexual youth, and we explore variations in the likelihood of help-seeking behavior and the presence of particular risk factors among both types of dating violence victims. A total of 5,647 youth (51 % female, 74 % White) from 10 schools participated in a cross-sectional anonymous survey, of which 3,745 reported currently being in a dating relationship or having been in one during the prior year. Results indicated that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are at higher risk for all types of dating violence victimization (and nearly all types of dating violence perpetration), compared to heterosexual youth. Further, when looking at gender identity, transgender and female youth are at highest risk of most types of victimization, and are the most likely perpetrators of all forms of dating violence but sexual coercion, which begs further exploration. The findings support the development of dating violence prevention programs that specifically target the needs and vulnerabilities of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth, in addition to those of female and transgender youth.
媒体关注以及有关女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋青少年的文献，绝大多数都聚焦于涉及仇恨犯罪和欺凌的暴力行为，却忽略了一个事实，即弱势青少年在其恋爱关系中遭受暴力的风险也可能更高。在本研究中，我们考察了女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋青少年与异性恋青少年相比在身体、心理、性和网络恋爱暴力方面的经历，并且探讨了两类恋爱暴力受害者在寻求帮助行为的可能性以及特定风险因素方面的差异。来自10所学校的总共5647名青少年（51%为女性，74%为白人）参与了一项横断面匿名调查，其中3745人报告目前处于恋爱关系中或在前一年曾处于恋爱关系。结果表明，与异性恋青少年相比，女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋青少年遭受各类恋爱暴力侵害（以及几乎各类恋爱暴力实施）的风险更高。此外，从性别认同来看，跨性别青少年和女性青少年遭受大多数类型侵害的风险最高，并且是除性胁迫之外所有形式恋爱暴力的最可能实施者，这有待进一步探究。这些发现支持开展专门针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋青少年以及女性和跨性别青少年的需求与脆弱性情况的恋爱暴力预防项目。
