Bowman O J, Wallace B A
School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston 77030.
Am J Occup Ther. 1990 Jul;44(7):610-21. doi: 10.5014/ajot.44.7.610.
Differences in hand size and strength, vestibular function, visuomotor integration, and praxis in preschool children as a function of socioeconomic status were investigated. Twenty-two children of lower socioeconomic status, aged 3 to 5 years, were each matched with a child of higher socioeconomic status on the basis of race, sex, hand dominance, age, height, and weight. Measures used were the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery, 1982), hand size and strength, the Standing Balance subtests of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (Ayres, 1972), the Bowman Unilateral Hopping Test (Flannigan, 1987), the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (Ayres, 1975), the praxis tests of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) (Ayres, 1984), and the Bowman Quality of Prone Extension Scale (Etheredge, 1987). Analyses with two separate Hotelling's T2 for correlated samples (Huck, Cormier, & Bounds, 1974) revealed significant differences in hand size and strength as well as praxis, and subsequent post hoc analyses revealed better scores for the higher socioeconomic status group on right hand strength and on the Praxis on Verbal Command subtest of the SIPT. A paired t test also revealed that the higher socioeconomic status group scored better on visuomotor integration. Analysis with Hotelling's T2 revealed no significant differences between the two groups on the vestibular measures. The results of this study suggest that on certain tests used by occupational therapists, children from a higher socioeconomic status group may function at a higher developmental level than those from a lower socioeconomic status group. When interpreting clients' test results, therefore, therapists should consider the possible influence of socioeconomic status.
研究了学龄前儿童手部大小和力量、前庭功能、视运动整合以及实践能力方面因社会经济地位不同而产生的差异。22名社会经济地位较低、年龄在3至5岁的儿童，根据种族、性别、利手、年龄、身高和体重，与22名社会经济地位较高的儿童进行了一一匹配。所使用的测量方法包括视觉运动整合发育测试（贝里，1982年）、手部大小和力量、南加州感觉统合测试的站立平衡子测试（艾尔斯，1972年）、鲍曼单侧跳跃测试（弗拉尼根，1987年）、南加州旋转后眼震测试（艾尔斯，1975年）、感觉统合与实践测试（SIPT）的实践测试（艾尔斯，1984年）以及鲍曼俯卧伸展质量量表（埃瑟奇，1987年）。使用两个独立的针对相关样本的霍特林T2检验（哈克、科米尔和邦兹，1974年）进行分析，结果显示手部大小和力量以及实践能力存在显著差异，随后的事后分析表明，社会经济地位较高的组在右手力量和SIPT言语指令实践子测试中的得分更高。配对t检验还显示，社会经济地位较高的组在视运动整合方面得分更高。使用霍特林T2检验进行分析，结果显示两组在前庭测量方面没有显著差异。本研究结果表明，在职业治疗师使用的某些测试中，社会经济地位较高组的儿童可能比社会经济地位较低组的儿童处于更高的发育水平。因此，在解释客户的测试结果时，治疗师应考虑社会经济地位可能产生的影响。
