Cell Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2013 Aug;41(4):861-5. doi: 10.1042/BST20130058.
Regulating the expression of individual miRNAs (microRNAs) is important for cell development and function. The up- or down-regulation of the processing of specific miRNA precursors to the mature active form represents one tool to control miRNA concentration and is mediated by proteins that recognize the terminal loop of the RNA precursors. Terminal loop recognition is achieved by the combined action of several RNA-binding domains. The proteins can then regulate the processing by recruiting RNA enzymes, changing the RNA structure and preventing or enhancing the accessibility and processing activity of the core processing complexes. The present review focuses on how terminal loop-binding proteins recognize their RNA targets and mediate their regulatory function(s), and highlights how terminal loop-mediated regulation relates to the broader regulation of mRNA metabolism.
调控个体 miRNA（microRNAs）的表达对于细胞发育和功能非常重要。特定 miRNA 前体到成熟活性形式的加工的上调或下调代表了一种控制 miRNA 浓度的工具，并且受到识别 RNA 前体末端环的蛋白质介导。末端环识别是通过几个 RNA 结合结构域的共同作用来实现的。然后，这些蛋白质可以通过招募 RNA 酶来调节加工，改变 RNA 结构，并防止或增强核心加工复合物的可及性和加工活性。本综述重点介绍了末端环结合蛋白如何识别其 RNA 靶标并介导其调节功能，并强调了末端环介导的调节如何与 mRNA 代谢的更广泛调节相关。
