Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
Water Res. 2013 Oct 1;47(15):5647-58. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.045. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
The coupling of membrane separation and photocatalytic oxidation has been studied for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. The retention properties of two different membranes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) were assessed. Comparable selectivity on the separation of pharmaceuticals were observed for both membranes, obtaining a permeate stream with concentrations of each pharmaceutical below 0.5 mg L(-)(1) and a rejected flux highly concentrated (in the range of 16-25 mg L(-)(1) and 18-32 mg L(-)(1) of each pharmaceutical for NF-90 and BW-30 membranes, respectively), when an initial stream of six pharmaceuticals was feeding to the membrane system (10 mg L(-)(1) of each pharmaceutical). The abatement of concentrated pharmaceuticals of the rejected stream was evaluated by means of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2 and Fe2O3/SBA-15 in presence of hydrogen peroxide as photo-Fenton system. Both photocatalytic treatments showed remarkable removals of pharmaceutical compounds, achieving values between 80 and 100%. The nicotine was the most refractory pollutant of all the studied pharmaceuticals. Photo-Fenton treatment seems to be more effective than TiO2 photocatalysis, as high mineralization degree and increased nicotine removal were attested. This work can be considered an interesting approach of coupling membrane separation and heterogeneous photocatalytic technologies for the successful abatement of pharmaceutical compounds in effluents of wastewater treatment plants.
膜分离与光催化氧化的偶联已被用于去除药物污染物。评估了两种不同膜（纳滤和反渗透）的保留性能。两种膜对药物的分离均具有相当的选择性，得到的渗透液中每种药物的浓度均低于 0.5 mg L(-)(1)，而被拒绝的通量则高度浓缩（NF-90 和 BW-30 膜的每种药物的浓度范围分别为 16-25 mg L(-)(1)和 18-32 mg L(-)(1)），当初始进料中含有六种药物（每种药物浓度为 10 mg L(-)(1)）时。通过使用 TiO2 和 Fe2O3/SBA-15 在过氧化氢存在下作为光芬顿体系的非均相光催化氧化，评估了被拒绝的浓缩药物的去除效果。两种光催化处理均显示出对药物化合物的显著去除效果，达到 80%至 100%之间。尼古丁是所有研究药物中最难处理的污染物。光芬顿处理似乎比 TiO2 光催化更有效，因为它证明了高矿化度和增加的尼古丁去除率。这项工作可以被认为是一种将膜分离和非均相光催化技术相结合的有趣方法，用于成功去除废水处理厂废水中的药物化合物。
