Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (Argentina).
Span J Psychol. 2013;16:E41. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2013.44.
Executive Functions (EF) exercise control over an individual's conduct and thinking through a set of functionally independent processes, among which are cognitive flexibility (reactive and spontaneous), working memory and planning. The development patterns of these components appear to have stages of acceleration and deceleration during childhood. Studies analyzing their development in Spanish-speaking children were not found in our area. Therefore, this study will analyze the development patterns of the cited executive functions with the objective of establishing relationships and comparisons, and identifying the stages of acceleration and stagnation for each component. The study's sample consists of 274 schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 8 (119 in first grade, 61 in second grade and 94 in third grade). Participants were evaluated using the following instruments from the Neuropsychological Assessment of Children test battery (known by the acronym ENI in Spanish): Verbal Fluency (semantic and phonemic); Cognitive Flexibility; Mexican Pyramid; and Backward Digit Span. Three different development patterns were detected, as well as different interactions between the executive components. Additionally, three empirical types were established based on the patterns and relationships between components.
执行功能（EF）通过一系列功能独立的过程来控制个体的行为和思维，其中包括认知灵活性（反应性和自发性）、工作记忆和计划。这些组成部分的发展模式在儿童时期似乎有加速和减速的阶段。在我们所在的地区，没有发现分析西班牙语儿童这些功能发展的研究。因此，本研究将分析引用的执行功能的发展模式，目的是建立关系和比较，并确定每个组成部分的加速和停滞阶段。该研究的样本由 274 名 6 至 8 岁的学童（一年级 119 人，二年级 61 人，三年级 94 人）组成。参与者使用儿童神经心理评估测试包（简称 ENI）中的以下工具进行评估：词语流畅性（语义和语音）；认知灵活性；墨西哥金字塔；以及倒背数字广度。检测到了三种不同的发展模式，以及执行成分之间的不同相互作用。此外，还根据成分之间的模式和关系建立了三种经验类型。
