Zhou Qian-qian, Zhang Heng-dong, Hu Fei-fei, Xia Chao-yi, Gong Wei, Zhu Bao-li, Yang Hong
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Minstry of Eduction, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Mar;47(3):255-9.
To understand the blood lead level and its influencing factors of workers in one lead acid storage cell enterprise in Jiangsu Province.
An occupational health field investigation was done to this storage cell enterprise at the end of June 2011 to measure the air lead fume (dust) concentration of workplaces. Health-care information of 1364 person-times from 2009 - 2011 was collected, including blood lead level, general state of health, life and health habit. One way ANOVA and ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression were used to analysis the influencing factors of blood lead level.
The lead fume concentration range was 0.008-0.354 mg/m(3) among 12 measuring points, which 7 places were unqualified, while the concentration range of lead dust was 0.023 - 2.432 mg/m(3), 24 out of 27 measuring places were unqualified, both the qualified rate were low. The blood lead concentration of objects was (259.54 ± 106.62) µg/L, among which 96 people (7.04%) who ≥ 400 µg/L should be identified as suspected "observation object", blood lead concentration ≥ 600 µg/L was not found. The blood lead concentration of male (279.76 ± 114.93 µg/L) was significantly higher than female (242.44 ± 95.86) µg/L (t = 6.441, P < 0.01). The proportion of ≥ 400 µg/L in male (11.04%, 69/625) was significantly higher than female (3.65%, 27/739) (χ(2) = 28.237, P < 0.01). The blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead fume or dust (265.93 ± 103.70) µg/L was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead (205.30 ± 115.62) µg/L (t = -6.037, P < 0.01), the blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead dust was (267.38 ± 98.02) µg/L significantly higher than those of exposed to lead fume (260.81 ± 121.80) µg/L (t = -2.408, P < 0.05). The proportion of ≥ 400 µg/L in workers who exposed to lead fume (dust) (7.60%, 93/1223) was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead (2.13%, 3/141) (χ(2) = 4.538, P < 0.05). Ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression found that the lead fume concentration ≥ 0.03 mg/m(3), lead dust concentration ≥ 0.05 mg/m(3) (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.06 - 2.39), length of service ≥ 3 years (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.12 - 2.98), smoking (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.27 - 3.37) can increase the level of blood lead concentration.
Lead dust concentration of the enterprise exceeded the standard. Workers exposed to lead fume (dust) have more occupational health hazard of lead, of whom the blood lead concentration was high. Higher lead fume (dust) concentration in workplace, longer length of service, smoking were risk factors of high blood lead concentration.
了解江苏省某铅酸蓄电池企业工人的血铅水平及其影响因素。
于2011年6月底对该蓄电池企业进行职业卫生现场调查，测定工作场所空气中铅烟（尘）浓度。收集2009 - 2011年1364人次的健康监护资料，包括血铅水平、一般健康状况、生活及健康习惯等。采用单因素方差分析和有序多分类logistic逐步回归分析血铅水平的影响因素。
12个测点铅烟浓度范围为0.008 - 0.354mg/m³，其中7个点不合格；铅尘浓度范围为0.023 - 2.432mg/m³，27个测点中24个不合格，合格率均较低。调查对象血铅浓度为（259.54±106.62）μg/L，其中≥400μg/L者96人（7.04%）应确定为疑似“观察对象”，未发现血铅浓度≥600μg/L者。男性血铅浓度（279.76±114.93μg/L）显著高于女性（242.44±95.86）μg/L（t = 6.441，P < 0.01）。男性≥400μg/L的比例（11.04%，69/625）显著高于女性（3.65%，27/739）（χ² = 28.237，P < 0.01）。接触铅烟或铅尘工人的血铅浓度（265.93±103.70）μg/L显著高于未接触铅者（205.30±115.62）μg/L（t = -6.037，P < 0.01），接触铅尘工人的血铅浓度（267.38±98.02）μg/L显著高于接触铅烟者（260.81±121.80）μg/L（t = -2.408，P < 0.05）。接触铅烟（尘）工人中≥400μg/L的比例（7.60%，93/1223）显著高于未接触铅者（2.13%，3/141）（χ² = 4.538，P < 0.05）。有序多分类logistic逐步回归分析发现，铅烟浓度≥0.03mg/m³、铅尘浓度≥0.05mg/m³（OR = 1.59，95%CI：1.06 - 2.39）、工龄≥3年（OR = 1.82，95%CI：1.12 - 2.98）、吸烟（OR = 2.06，95%CI：1.27 - 3.37）可使血铅浓度水平升高。
该企业铅尘浓度超标。接触铅烟（尘）工人存在较多的铅职业健康危害，血铅浓度较高。工作场所铅烟（尘）浓度较高、工龄较长、吸烟是血铅浓度升高的危险因素。
