Carlsson Axel C, Wändell Per, Ösby Urban, Zarrinkoub Ramin, Wettermark Björn, Ljunggren Gunnar
Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 12, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Jul 18;13:670. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-670.
There is limited knowledge on the prevalence of disease in total populations. Such studies have historically been difficult to conduct but the development of health data registers has facilitated large-scale studies on recorded diagnoses in entire regions. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of diagnosis of six common diseases in the Swedish capital region.
The study population included all living persons who resided in Stockholm County, Sweden, on December 31st 2011 (N=2 093 717). Information on all consultations between 2007 and 2011 was obtained from primary health care, specialist outpatient care and inpatient care. Prevalence was defined as the proportion of individuals with a recorded diagnosis of diabetes, depression, anxiety disorders, hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the five year period, respectively. Analyses were done by age and gender.
Hypertension had the highest five-year prevalence (12.2%), followed by depression (6.6%), diabetes mellitus (6.2%), asthma (5.9%), anxiety disorders/phobia (4.8%), and COPD (1.8%). Diabetes was more common in men (5.3% of women and 7.1% of men) while depression (8.7% in women and 4.4% in men) and anxiety (6.3% in women and 3.4% in men) were considerably more common in women. Smaller gender differences were also found for hypertension (13.0% in women and 11.4% in men), asthma (6.4% in women and 5.4% in men) and COPD (2.1% in women and 1.6% in men). Diabetes, hypertension and COPD increased markedly with age, whereas anxiety, depression and asthma were fairly constant in individuals above 18 years. During one year of observation, more than half of all patients had only been diagnosed in primary health care, with hypertension being the diagnosis with the largest proportion of patients only identified in primary health care (70.6%).
The prevalence of common diseases in the population can be estimated by combining data gathered during consecutive years from primary care, specialist outpatient care and inpatient care. However, accuracy of disease prevalence is highly dependent on the quality of the data. The high prevalence of the six diagnoses analysed in this study calls for preventive action to minimize suffering and costs to society.
关于总人口中疾病患病率的了解有限。这类研究在历史上一直难以开展，但健康数据登记系统的发展推动了对整个地区已记录诊断的大规模研究。本研究的目的是分析瑞典首都地区六种常见疾病的诊断患病率。
研究人群包括2011年12月31日居住在瑞典斯德哥尔摩县的所有在世人员（N = 2093717）。从初级卫生保健、专科门诊护理和住院护理中获取了2007年至2011年期间所有会诊的信息。患病率分别定义为在五年期间有糖尿病、抑郁症、焦虑症、高血压、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病记录诊断的个体比例。按年龄和性别进行分析。
高血压的五年患病率最高（12.2%），其次是抑郁症（6.6%）、糖尿病（6.2%）、哮喘（5.9%）、焦虑症/恐惧症（4.8%）和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（1.8%）。糖尿病在男性中更常见（女性为5.3%，男性为7.1%），而抑郁症（女性为8.7%，男性为4.4%）和焦虑症（女性为6.3%，男性为3.4%）在女性中更为常见。在高血压（女性为13.0%，男性为11.4%）、哮喘（女性为6.4%，男性为5.4%）和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（女性为2.1%，男性为1.6%）方面也发现了较小的性别差异。糖尿病、高血压和慢性阻塞性肺疾病随年龄显著增加，而焦虑症、抑郁症和哮喘在18岁以上个体中相当稳定。在一年的观察期内，超过一半的患者仅在初级卫生保健中被诊断，高血压是仅在初级卫生保健中确诊患者比例最高的诊断（70.6%）。
通过整合连续多年从初级保健、专科门诊护理和住院护理中收集的数据，可以估计人群中常见疾病的患病率。然而，疾病患病率的准确性高度依赖于数据质量。本研究分析的六种诊断的高患病率要求采取预防措施，以尽量减少痛苦和社会成本。
