Multiprofessional Education Unit for Family and Community Care (South-east), Hacienda de Pavones, 271, Madrid, 28030, Spain.
BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Jan 16;14:11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-11.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequent and often coexists with other diseases. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of COPD and related chronic comorbidity among patients aged over 40 years visiting family practices in an area of Madrid.
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a health area of the Madrid Autonomous Region (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid). The practice population totalled 198,670 persons attended by 129 Family Physicians (FPs), and the study population was made up of persons over the age of 40 years drawn from this practice population. Patients were deemed to have COPD if this diagnosis appeared on their clinical histories. Prevalence of COPD; prevalence of a further 25 chronic diseases in patients with COPD; and standardised prevalence ratios, were calculated.
Prevalence of COPD in family medicine was 3.2% (95% CI 3.0-3.3) overall, 5.3% among men and 1.4% among women; 90% of patients presented with comorbidity, with a mean of 4 ± 2.04 chronic diseases per patient, with the most prevalent related diseases being arterial hypertension (52%), disorders of lipid metabolism (34%), obesity (25%), diabetes (20%) and arrhythmia (15%). After controlling for age and sex, the observed prevalence of the following ten chronic diseases was higher than expected: heart failure; chronic liver disease; asthma; generalised artherosclerosis; osteoporosis; ischaemic heart disease; thyroid disease; anxiety/depression; arrhythmia; and obesity.
Patients with COPD, who are frequent in family practice, have a complex profile and pose a clinical and organisational challenge to FPs.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）较为常见，且常与其他疾病共存。本研究旨在量化马德里地区家庭诊所中 40 岁以上患者的 COPD 患病率及其相关慢性合并症。
本研究为马德里自治区（马德里自治社区）一个卫生区域内进行的观察性、描述性、横断面研究。实践人群总数为 198670 人，由 129 名家庭医生（家庭医生）负责，研究人群由该实践人群中年龄超过 40 岁的人群组成。如果患者的临床病史中有 COPD 诊断，则认为其患有 COPD。计算 COPD 的患病率；COPD 患者中另外 25 种慢性疾病的患病率；以及标准化患病率比。
家庭医学中的 COPD 患病率总体为 3.2%（95%CI 3.0-3.3），男性为 5.3%，女性为 1.4%；90%的患者存在合并症，平均每位患者有 4±2.04 种慢性疾病，最常见的相关疾病为动脉高血压（52%）、脂质代谢紊乱（34%）、肥胖症（25%）、糖尿病（20%）和心律失常（15%）。在控制年龄和性别后，以下十种慢性疾病的观察患病率高于预期：心力衰竭；慢性肝病；哮喘；全身性动脉粥样硬化；骨质疏松症；缺血性心脏病；甲状腺疾病；焦虑/抑郁；心律失常；肥胖症。
家庭诊所中常见的 COPD 患者具有复杂的特征，对家庭医生构成了临床和组织挑战。
