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双酚A“低剂量”研究在人类暴露背景下的系统评价:建立化学品“低剂量”效应报告标准的理由

A systematic review of Bisphenol A "low dose" studies in the context of human exposure: a case for establishing standards for reporting "low-dose" effects of chemicals.

作者信息

Teeguarden Justin G, Hanson-Drury Sesha

机构信息

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352, United States.

出版信息

Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:935-48. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Jul 16.

Abstract

Human exposure to the chemical Bisphenol A is almost ubiquitous in surveyed industrialized societies. Structural features similar to estrogen confer the ability of Bisphenol A (BPA) to bind estrogen receptors, giving BPA membership in the group of environmental pollutants called endocrine disruptors. References by scientists, the media, political entities, and non-governmental organizations to many toxicity studies as "low dose" has led to the belief that exposure levels in these studies are similar to humans, implying that BPA is toxic to humans at current exposures. Through systematic, objective comparison of our current, and a previous compilation of the "low-dose" literature to multiple estimates of human external and internal exposure levels, we found that the "low-dose" moniker describes exposures covering 8-12 orders of magnitude, the majority (91-99% of exposures) being greater than the upper bound of human exposure in the general infant, child and adult U.S. Population. "low dose" is therefore a descriptor without specific meaning regarding human exposure. Where human exposure data are available, for BPA and other environmental chemicals, reference to toxicity study exposures by direct comparison to human exposure would be more informative, more objective, and less susceptible to misunderstanding.

摘要

在接受调查的工业化社会中,人类接触化学物质双酚A的情况几乎无处不在。双酚A(BPA)具有与雌激素相似的结构特征,使其能够与雌激素受体结合,这使双酚A成为被称为内分泌干扰物的环境污染物群体中的一员。科学家、媒体、政治实体和非政府组织将许多毒性研究称为“低剂量”,这导致人们认为这些研究中的接触水平与人类相似,意味着双酚A在当前接触水平下对人类有毒。通过系统、客观地将我们当前以及之前汇编的“低剂量”文献与人类外部和内部接触水平的多种估计值进行比较,我们发现“低剂量”这个称呼描述的接触范围涵盖了8到12个数量级,其中大多数(91% - 99%的接触)高于美国普通婴儿、儿童和成人人群的人类接触上限。因此,“低剂量”对于人类接触而言是一个没有特定意义的描述词。在有人类接触数据的情况下,对于双酚A和其他环境化学物质,通过与人类接触进行直接比较来提及毒性研究接触情况会更具信息性、更客观,也更不易产生误解。

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