Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarasi 2-notyo, Niigata-si 950-2181, Japan; Center for Toki and Ecological Restoration, Niigata University, 1101-1 Niibokatagami, Sado-si 952-0103, Japan.
Conserv Biol. 2013 Dec;27(6):1429-38. doi: 10.1111/cobi.12096. Epub 2013 Jul 21.
Farm ponds have high conservation value because they contribute significantly to regional biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Japan pond draining is a traditional management method that is widely believed to improve water quality and eradicate invasive fish. In addition, fishing by means of pond draining has significant cultural value for local people, serving as a social event. However, there is a widespread belief that pond draining reduces freshwater biodiversity through the extirpation of aquatic animals, but scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of pond draining is lacking. We conducted a large-scale field study to evaluate the effects of pond draining on invasive animal control, water quality, and aquatic biodiversity relative to different pond-management practices, pond physicochemistry, and surrounding land use. The results of boosted regression-tree models and analyses of similarity showed that pond draining had little effect on invasive fish control, water quality, or aquatic biodiversity. Draining even facilitated the colonization of farm ponds by invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), which in turn may have detrimental effects on the biodiversity and water quality of farm ponds. Our results highlight the need for reconsidering current pond management and developing management plans with respect to multifunctionality of such ponds. Efectos del Drenado de Estanques sobre la Biodiversidad y la Calidad del Agua en Estanques de Cultivo.
鱼塘具有很高的保护价值，因为它们对区域生物多样性和生态系统服务有重要贡献。在日本，鱼塘排水是一种传统的管理方法，人们普遍认为这种方法可以改善水质和消灭入侵鱼类。此外，通过鱼塘排水进行捕鱼对当地人具有重要的文化价值，是一种社交活动。然而，人们普遍认为鱼塘排水会通过消灭水生动物而减少淡水生物多样性，但缺乏对鱼塘排水有效性的科学评估。我们进行了一项大规模的实地研究，以评估相对于不同的池塘管理实践、池塘理化性质和周围土地利用情况，鱼塘排水对入侵动物控制、水质和水生生物多样性的影响。增强回归树模型和相似性分析的结果表明，鱼塘排水对入侵鱼类的控制、水质或水生生物多样性几乎没有影响。排水甚至促进了入侵的红沼泽小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）在农田池塘中的定殖，这反过来可能对农田池塘的生物多样性和水质产生不利影响。我们的研究结果强调需要重新考虑当前的池塘管理，并制定关于这些池塘多功能性的管理计划。
