State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2013 Aug;91(8):917-27. doi: 10.1007/s00109-013-1067-4. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as essential cellular messengers, redox regulators, and, when in excess, oxidative stressors that are widely implicated in pathologies of cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding such complexity of the ROS signaling is critically hinged on the ability to visualize and quantify local, compartmental, and global ROS dynamics at high selectivity, sensitivity, and spatiotemporal resolution. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in ROS imaging at levels of intact cells, whole organs or tissues, and even live organisms. In particular, major advances include the development of novel synthetic or genetically encoded fluorescent protein-based ROS indicators, the use of protein indicator-expressing animal models, and the advent of in vivo imaging technology. Innovative ROS imaging has led to important discoveries in ROS signaling-for example, mitochondrial superoxide flashes as elemental ROS signaling events and hydrogen peroxide transients for wound healing. This review aims at providing an update of the current status in ROS imaging, while identifying areas of insufficient knowledge and highlighting emerging research directions.
活性氧（ROS）作为重要的细胞信使、氧化还原调节剂，在过量时会成为氧化应激因子，广泛参与癌症、心血管和神经退行性疾病等病理过程。理解 ROS 信号传递的这种复杂性，关键在于能够以高选择性、灵敏度和时空分辨率来可视化和定量局部、区室和全局的 ROS 动力学。在过去的十年中，在完整细胞、整个器官或组织，甚至活体生物水平上进行 ROS 成像方面取得了重大进展。特别是，主要的进展包括新型合成或基于基因编码的荧光蛋白的 ROS 指示剂的开发、表达蛋白指示剂的动物模型的应用以及体内成像技术的出现。创新性的 ROS 成像在 ROS 信号传递方面带来了重要发现，例如线粒体中超氧化物的闪烁作为基本的 ROS 信号事件以及用于伤口愈合的过氧化氢瞬变。本综述旨在提供 ROS 成像的最新现状，同时确定知识不足的领域，并突出新兴的研究方向。
