Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;19(8):1214-21. doi: 10.3201/eid1908.130483.
Noroviruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States, but timely measures of disease are lacking. BioSense, a national-level electronic surveillance system, assigns data on chief complaints (patient symptoms) collected during emergency department (ED) visits to 78 subsyndromes in near real-time. In a series of linear regression models, BioSense visits mapped by chief complaints of diarrhea and nausea/vomiting subsyndromes as a monthly proportion of all visits correlated strongly with reported norovirus outbreaks from 6 states during 2007-2010. Higher correlations were seen for diarrhea (R = 0.828-0.926) than for nausea/vomiting (R = 0.729-0.866) across multiple age groups. Diarrhea ED visit proportions exhibited winter seasonality attributable to norovirus; rotavirus contributed substantially for children <5 years of age. Diarrhea ED visit data estimated the onset, peak, and end of norovirus season within 4 weeks of observed dates and could be reliable, timely indicators of norovirus activity.
诺如病毒是美国导致肠胃炎的主要原因，但缺乏及时的疾病措施。生物感应系统是一个国家级的电子监测系统，它将急诊科就诊时收集的主要症状（患者症状）数据实时分配到 78 个亚综合征中。在一系列线性回归模型中，以腹泻和恶心/呕吐亚综合征的主要症状为基础的生物感应系统就诊比例与 2007 年至 2010 年期间来自 6 个州的报告诺如病毒爆发情况高度相关。在多个年龄组中，腹泻（R=0.828-0.926）的相关性高于恶心/呕吐（R=0.729-0.866）。腹泻急诊科就诊比例表现出与诺如病毒有关的冬季季节性；轮状病毒对<5 岁的儿童有很大影响。腹泻急诊科就诊数据估计了诺如病毒季节的发病、高峰和结束时间，可在观察日期后 4 周内提供可靠、及时的诺如病毒活动指标。
