Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Aug;17(8):1347-8. doi: 10.3201/eid1708.110824.
Diarrheal illness remains 1 of the top 5 causes of death in low-income and middle-income countries, especially for children <5 years of age. Introduction of universal childhood vaccination against rotaviruses has greatly reduced the incidence and severity of illness in upper-income and lower-income settings. For adults, norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrheal illness and is responsible for nearly 21 million episodes annually in the United States, of which 5.5 million are foodborne. Public health efforts to control and prevent norovirus illness have focused on rapid outbreak detection and source identification and control of transmission in institutional settings.
腹泻病仍然是低收入和中等收入国家排名前 5 的死因之一，尤其对 5 岁以下儿童而言。在儿童中普遍接种轮状病毒疫苗极大地降低了高收入和低收入环境中疾病的发病率和严重程度。对于成年人而言，诺如病毒是散发性病例和暴发疫情导致腹泻病的主要原因，每年在美国导致近 2100 万例病例，其中 550 万例为食源性感染。公共卫生部门为控制和预防诺如病毒病开展了大量工作，包括迅速发现暴发疫情、确定源头以及在机构环境中控制传播。
