Pollock Faith, Funk Donna C
Allina Health, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, 800 E 28th St, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
AACN Adv Crit Care. 2013 Jul-Sep;24(3):314-24. doi: 10.1097/NCI.0b013e31829b7d38.
In acute diabetes conditions, management of the following 3 potential complications is required: diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and iatrogenic hypoglycemia. The hyperglycemic crises diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state are the 2 most serious metabolic complications of diabetes. Hypoglycemia, specifically iatrogenic hypoglycemia, results from treatments that raise circulating insulin levels and thus lower plasma glucose concentrations to an abnormally low level, which exposes the patient to potential harm. This article reviews the pathogenesis, precipitating or risk factors, diagnosis or identification, and treatment of these critical complications of diabetes. In addition, a case study on diabetic ketoacidosis is provided.
在急性糖尿病情况下，需要对以下3种潜在并发症进行管理：糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高渗高血糖状态和医源性低血糖。糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗高血糖状态这两种高血糖危象是糖尿病最严重的两种代谢并发症。低血糖，特别是医源性低血糖，是由提高循环胰岛素水平从而将血浆葡萄糖浓度降低至异常低水平的治疗引起的，这会使患者面临潜在危害。本文综述了糖尿病这些严重并发症的发病机制、促发因素或危险因素、诊断或识别方法以及治疗方法。此外，还提供了一个糖尿病酮症酸中毒的病例研究。
