Paradiso R, De Micco V, Buonomo R, Aronne G, Barbieri G, De Pascale S
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2014 Jan;16 Suppl 1:69-78. doi: 10.1111/plb.12056. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Higher plants play a key role in Bioregenerative Life-Support Systems (BLSS) for long-term missions in space, by regenerating air through photosynthetic CO2 absorption and O2 emission, recovering water through transpiration and recycling waste products through mineral nutrition. In addition, plants could provide fresh food to integrate into the crew diet and help to preserve astronauts' wellbeing. The ESA programme Micro-Ecological Life-Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) aims to conceive an artificial bioregenerative ecosystem for resources regeneration, based on both microorganisms and higher plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the four candidate species studied for soilless (hydroponic) cultivation in MELiSSA, because of the high nutritional value of the seeds. Within the MELiSSA programme - Food characterisation Phase I, the aim of the research carried out on soybean at the University of Naples was to select the most suitable European cultivars for cultivation in BLSS. In this context, a concise review on the state-of-the-art of soybean cultivation in space-oriented experiments and a summary of research activity for the preliminary theoretical selection and subsequent agronomical evaluation of four cultivars will be presented in this paper.
高等植物在太空长期任务的生物再生生命支持系统（BLSS）中发挥着关键作用，它们通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气来再生空气，通过蒸腾作用回收水分，并通过矿物质营养循环利用废物。此外，植物还可以提供新鲜食物，融入宇航员的饮食中，并有助于维护宇航员的健康。欧洲航天局的微生态生命支持系统替代方案（MELiSSA）旨在构建一个基于微生物和高等植物的用于资源再生的人工生物再生生态系统。大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]是MELiSSA中研究的用于无土（水培）栽培的四个候选物种之一，因为其种子具有很高的营养价值。在MELiSSA计划的食品特性第一阶段，那不勒斯大学对大豆开展的研究目的是选择最适合在BLSS中种植的欧洲品种。在此背景下，本文将简要回顾面向太空实验的大豆栽培的最新技术，并总结对四个品种进行初步理论筛选和后续农艺评价的研究活动。
