Forensic Toxicology Division, County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, 5570 Overland Avenue, Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2013 Sep 10;231(1-3):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.013. Epub 2013 May 10.
Hydroxyzine is an antihistaminic with sedative properties used in the control of anxiety and emesis. Peripheral blood hydroxyzine concentrations are compared to central blood and liver concentrations in 10 medical examiner cases. Specimens were initially screened for alcohol and simple volatiles by GC-FID headspace analysis, ELISA for drugs of abuse, and alkaline drugs by GC/MS. Hydroxyzine, when detected by the alkaline drug screen, was subsequently confirmed and quantified by a specific GC-NPD procedure. Data suggest that postmortem peripheral blood hydroxyzine concentrations may be considered therapeutic to at least 0.24 mg/L and corresponding liver concentrations to at least 4.9 mg/kg. Hydroxyzine concentrations ranged 0.07-3.0mg/L in peripheral blood, 0.04-3.8 mg/L in central blood, and 0.88-55 mg/kg in liver. Hydroxyzine central blood to peripheral blood ratios averaged 0.92±0.25 (±standard deviation; N=6). Liver to peripheral blood ratios, on the other hand, were higher and averaged 13.8±6.2 (±standard deviation; N=10). Given that a liver to peripheral blood ratio less than 5 is consistent with little to no postmortem redistribution while exceeding 20-30 is indicative of propensity for significant postmortem redistribution, these data suggest that hydroxyzine is prone to a moderate degree of postmortem redistribution.
羟嗪是一种具有镇静作用的抗组胺药，用于控制焦虑和呕吐。在 10 例法医案例中比较了外周血羟嗪浓度与中枢血和肝浓度。最初通过 GC-FID 顶空分析、GC/MS 检测滥用药物和碱性药物对标本进行酒精和简单挥发性物质的初始筛选，通过碱性药物筛选检测到羟嗪后，用特异性 GC-NPD 程序进行确认和定量。数据表明，死后外周血羟嗪浓度至少可考虑为 0.24mg/L 及相应的肝浓度至少为 4.9mg/kg。外周血羟嗪浓度范围为 0.07-3.0mg/L，中枢血羟嗪浓度范围为 0.04-3.8mg/L，肝羟嗪浓度范围为 0.88-55mg/kg。羟嗪中枢血与外周血的比值平均为 0.92±0.25（±标准差；N=6）。另一方面，肝与外周血的比值较高，平均为 13.8±6.2（±标准差；N=10）。鉴于肝与外周血的比值小于 5 与死后再分布程度小一致，而超过 20-30 则表明死后再分布程度大，这些数据表明羟嗪容易发生中度死后再分布。
