Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Prog Neurobiol. 2013 Oct;109:28-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
The transcription factors, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8, are the pivotal intracellular effectors of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in the nervous system (NS) throughout its development. This review focuses on the actions of Smad 1/5/8 in the developing NS. The mechanisms by which these Smad proteins regulate the induction of the neuroectoderm, the central nervous system (CNS) primordium, and finally the neural crest, which gives rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), are reviewed herein. We describe how, following neural tube closure, the most dorsal aspect of the tube becomes a signalling centre for BMPs, which directs the pattern of the development of the dorsal spinal cord (SC), through the action of Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8. The direct effects of Smad 1/5/8 signalling on the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells from various neural progenitor cell populations are then described. Finally, this review discusses the neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with the knockdown of Smad 1/5/8.
转录因子 Smad1、Smad5 和 Smad8 是骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP) 家族蛋白的关键细胞内效应物。BMP 及其受体在神经系统 (NS) 的整个发育过程中都有表达。本综述重点介绍了 Smad1/5/8 在发育中的 NS 中的作用。本文综述了这些 Smad 蛋白调节神经外胚层、中枢神经系统 (CNS) 原基，最终调节神经嵴（产生周围神经系统 (PNS)）的诱导的机制。我们描述了神经管闭合后，管的最背侧部分如何成为 BMP 的信号中心，通过 Smad1、Smad5 和 Smad8 的作用，指导背侧脊髓 (SC) 的发育模式。然后描述了 Smad1/5/8 信号对各种神经祖细胞群体产生的神经元和非神经元细胞的发育的直接影响。最后，本综述讨论了与 Smad1/5/8 敲低相关的神经发育异常。
