甲基苯丙胺和 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的神经毒性。
Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.
机构信息
Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
出版信息
Life Sci. 2014 Feb 27;97(1):37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
Abstract
Amphetamines are a class of psychostimulant drugs that are widely abused for their stimulant, euphoric, empathogenic and hallucinogenic properties. Many of these effects result from acute increases in dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission. Subsequent to these acute effects, methamphetamine and 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produce persistent damage to dopamine and serotonin nerve terminals. This review summarizes the numerous interdependent mechanisms including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress that have been demonstrated to contribute to this damage. Emerging non-neuronal mechanisms by which the drugs may contribute to monoaminergic terminal damage, as well as the neuropsychiatric consequences of this terminal damage are also presented. Methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have similar chemical structures and pharmacologic properties compared to other abused substances including cathinone (khat), as well as a relatively new class of novel synthetic amphetamines known as 'bath salts' that have gained popularity among drug abusers.
摘要
安非他命是一类广泛滥用的精神兴奋剂药物，具有刺激、兴奋、共鸣和致幻作用。这些作用大多是由于多巴胺和 5-羟色胺神经递质的急性增加所致。在这些急性作用之后，甲基苯丙胺和 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）会对多巴胺和 5-羟色胺神经末梢造成持续的损伤。这篇综述总结了许多相互依赖的机制，包括兴奋性毒性、线粒体损伤和氧化应激，这些机制已被证明有助于造成这种损伤。此外，本文还介绍了这些药物可能导致单胺能神经末梢损伤的新兴非神经元机制，以及这种末梢损伤的神经精神后果。与其他滥用物质（如卡西酮（阿拉伯茶））相比，甲基苯丙胺和 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）具有相似的化学结构和药理学特性，以及一类新的合成苯丙胺类药物，被称为“浴盐”，在药物滥用者中很受欢迎。
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