Barjau Emelio, Rodríguez-Romero Jesús, Galván Felipe, Gutiérrez Francisco, López Juana
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, México.
Rev Biol Trop. 2012 Jun;60(2):649-67.
The Gulf of California is one of the most fish diverse areas of the Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. In spite of its economic value, few works have considered fish community studies for optimum management. With the aim to determine the seasonal and spatial variation of fish communities in eight locations around the San José Island, some ecological research was conducted from March 2001 to February 2002. For this, visual censuses were used in 48 transects of 100x5m (500m2); specific analysis such as diversity values, the relative abundance and the biological value indexes were undertaken, and a principal component analysis applied. Our results clearly showed two climatic seasons of cold and warm waters. A total number of 26 608 organisms of 112 species and 76 genera of fishes were identified. We used the relative abundance index to determine the most important species, which were: Abudefduf troschelii, Thalassoma lucasanum, Stegastes rectifraenum, Mulloidichthys dentatus, Chromis atrilobata, Lutjanus argentiventris and Scarus ghobban. February was the month with the lowest diversity with a value of 3.12bits/ind. and October was the most diverse (4.13bits/ind.). According to the biological value index (BVI) and considering the climatic seasons, the fish species with the highest score during cold months were: A. troschelii, M. dentatus, S. ghobban, S. rectifraenum and T lucasanum. Besides, for warmer months, the same fish species were observed but in different order and abundance: A. troschelii, S. ghobban, S. rectifraenum, T lucasanum and M. dentatus. Using the biological value index, 13 species were those which had a higher overall score. The locations by the Eastern side of the island had a greater number of species and abundance of fish. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied using the seasonal data, species richness, diversity, equity, number of species and total abundance during the warmer months also a PCA within spatial data, showed that location in Punta Colorada had a high correlation with the number of species, diversity and total abundance.
加利福尼亚湾是热带东太平洋鱼类多样性最高的地区之一。尽管具有经济价值，但很少有研究考虑对鱼类群落进行研究以实现最佳管理。为了确定圣何塞岛周边八个地点鱼类群落的季节和空间变化，于2001年3月至2002年2月开展了一些生态研究。为此，在48个100×5米（500平方米）的样带中进行了目视普查；进行了多样性值、相对丰度和生物价值指数等具体分析，并应用了主成分分析。我们的结果清楚地显示出冷水和暖水两个气候季节。共鉴定出112种76属的26608个鱼类生物。我们使用相对丰度指数来确定最重要的物种，它们是：特氏阿波鱼、卢氏锦鱼、直纹眶锯雀鲷、犬牙多指马鲅、三斑光鳃鱼、银腹笛鲷和黑背鼻鱼。2月是多样性最低的月份，值为3.12比特/个体，10月是多样性最高的月份（4.13比特/个体）。根据生物价值指数（BVI）并考虑气候季节，寒冷月份得分最高的鱼类物种是：特氏阿波鱼、犬牙多指马鲅、黑背鼻鱼、直纹眶锯雀鲷和卢氏锦鱼。此外，在温暖月份也观察到了相同的鱼类物种，但顺序和丰度不同：特氏阿波鱼、黑背鼻鱼、直纹眶锯雀鲷、卢氏锦鱼和犬牙多指马鲅。使用生物价值指数，有13个物种的总体得分较高。岛屿东侧的地点鱼类物种数量和丰度更多。使用温暖月份的季节数据、物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度、物种数量和总丰度进行的主成分分析（PCA），以及在空间数据内进行的PCA表明，科罗拉达角的地点与物种数量、多样性和总丰度高度相关。
