Aldana Moreno Alejandro, Montero Muñoz Jorge, Aldana Aranda Dalila
Rev Biol Trop. 2016 Dec;64(4):1353-67.
Xel-Ha is a private marine park where the extraction of flora and fauna is not allowed. Here, reef fish are one of the main touristic attractions, but there are no published surveys focused on fish community in this site. In this study we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of the fish community in different areas of the marine park Xel-Há. Abundance and richness were estimated during one-year period (2012-2013); visual censuses using fixed transects of 100x5 m each distributed in 21 transects along five sites were established in different zones: “Bocana”, “Center”, “North branch”, “Cave” and “River”, including the inlet mouth to the sea, brackish mangrove channels and a zone with freshwater influence. To characterize the fish community, we used species richness, abundance, diversity, and density compared among zones and climatic seasons (rain, “norths” and dry). The similarity among zones and seasons was estimated using a multidimensional scaling analysis. The replacement on the species composition among seasons and sites was realized based on the presence-absence of fish. The influence of physicochemical variables such as temperature, salinity and dissolve oxygen concentration in the fish community was estimated by a principal component analysis. A total of 22 641 individuals were recorded corresponding to sixty-three species over the year. Abundance was higher during the windy season (locally named “norths”) with 7 991 organisms. The most representative species according with abundance and frequency of occurrence were: Haemulon sciurus, H. flavolineatum, Lutjanus griseus, Acanthurus coeruleus, Abudefduf saxatilis, and Gerres cinereus. Diversity increased from the rainy to the dry season; species richness and diversity was lower in “River” than other sites in Xel-Ha. Most species (54 %) species were residents through the year. Four non-shared species were observed during the rainy season and three in dry season. Dissolved oxygen was the most influential variable on the fish community composition among zones. Xel-Ha houses nearly 20 % of fish biodiversity reported for the mexican Caribbean, and the predominance of juveniles of several species confirms its role as a nursery area.
谢哈是一个私人海洋公园，这里禁止动植物的采捞。在这里，珊瑚礁鱼类是主要的旅游景点之一，但目前尚无关于该区域鱼类群落的公开调查。在本研究中，我们分析了谢哈海洋公园不同区域鱼类群落的时空变化。在一年期间（2012 - 2013年）对鱼类的丰度和丰富度进行了估算；在不同区域（“河口”、“中心”、“北分支”、“洞穴”和“河流”，包括入海口、咸淡水红树林河道以及受淡水影响的区域）沿着五个地点设置了21条固定的100×5米样带，通过目视普查进行调查。为了描述鱼类群落特征，我们比较了不同区域和气候季节（雨季、“北风季”和旱季）的物种丰富度、丰度、多样性和密度。使用多维尺度分析估算区域和季节之间的相似性。根据鱼类的有无来分析季节和地点之间物种组成的更替情况。通过主成分分析评估温度、盐度和溶解氧浓度等理化变量对鱼类群落的影响。全年共记录到22641个个体，分属于63个物种。在有风季节（当地称为“北风季”）鱼类丰度较高，有7991个生物体。根据丰度和出现频率，最具代表性的物种有：松鼠石鲈、黄线石鲈、灰笛鲷、蓝刺尾鱼、岩雀鲷和灰裸顶鲷。多样性从雨季到旱季增加；“河流”区域的物种丰富度和多样性低于谢哈的其他地点。大多数物种（54%）全年栖息于此。在雨季观察到4种非共有物种，旱季观察到3种。溶解氧是不同区域鱼类群落组成中最具影响力的变量。谢哈拥有墨西哥加勒比地区报道的近20%的鱼类生物多样性，几种鱼类幼体的优势地位证实了其作为幼鱼培育区的作用。
