Muñoz-Rojas Sandra, Ayala-Pérez Luis Amado, Sosa-López Atahualpa, Villalobos-Zapata Guillermo Jorge
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Calz. Del Hueso 1100 Col. Villaquietud, Coyoacan 04960, México DF.
Rev Biol Trop. 2013 Mar;61(1):213-27.
"Los Petenes" Biosphere Reserve (RBLP) is a critical habitat for many aquatic and terrestrial species. It has the biggest and better conserved seagrass beds, and it represents an important habitat for food, protection and breeding of aquatic organisms, and a temporal refuge for migratory species. The objective of this study was to describe the ichthyofauna diversity in the littoral coastal area of the RBLP, to identify the ecological dominant species, and to analyze the abundance of the fish community and its temporal and spatial changes, and their relationship with some environmental variables. Monthly fish samples were obtained with the aid of trawl nets, from 24 samplings sites distributed along the reserve, between May 2009 and April 2010. The trawl net was operated 288 times and 21 795 individuals with 279.5kg of weight were collected. A total of 46 fish species grouped in 34 genera and 23 families were identified. In a spatial scale, the abundance showed the next ranges: 0.018-0.094ind./m2; 0.249-1.072 g/m2 and 9.75-19.32g/ind.; the diversity indexes obtained were: H'n=1.46-2.15, J'=0.45-0.71 and D'=2.08-3.92. In a temporal scale, the abundance and diversity ranged between: 0.026-0.066ind./m2; 0.342-0.764g/m2 and 6.49-22.98g/ind.; H'n=1.76-2.08; J'=0.52-0.64 and D'=3.07-4.18. Eleven dominant species were identified with a representation of the 94.39% in number of individuals, and 89.66% in weight of the total catch. From the total, eight species had economic or commercial importance, especially Lagodon rhomboides and Haemulon plumierii. The cluster analyses identified four fish associations; these results are discussed in order to identify relationships between habitat-species. Finally, the canonical correspondence analysis evidenced an association between H. plumierii with salinity and dissolved solids. The RBLP has high habitat diversity and its fish community has developed strategies to use all the spatial and temporal conditions and to satisfy the needs of their life cycles.
“洛斯佩滕斯”生物圈保护区（RBLP）是许多水生和陆生物种的关键栖息地。它拥有最大且保护得最好的海草床，是水生生物觅食、保护和繁殖的重要栖息地，也是迁徙物种的临时避难所。本研究的目的是描述RBLP沿海沿岸地区的鱼类区系多样性，识别生态优势种，分析鱼类群落的丰度及其时空变化，以及它们与一些环境变量的关系。2009年5月至2010年4月期间，借助拖网在保护区沿线分布的24个采样点每月采集鱼类样本。拖网作业288次，共捕获21795尾个体，重量为279.5千克。共识别出46种鱼类，分属34属23科。在空间尺度上，丰度显示出以下范围：0.018 - 0.094尾/平方米；0.249 - 1.072克/平方米和9.75 - 19.32克/尾；获得的多样性指数为：H’n = 1.46 - 2.15，J’ = 0.45 - 0.71，D’ = 2.08 - 3.92。在时间尺度上，丰度和多样性范围为：0.026 - 0.066尾/平方米；0.342 - 0.764克/平方米和6.49 - 22.98克/尾；H’n = 1.76 - 2.08；J’ = 0.52 - 0.64，D’ = 3.07 - 4.18。识别出11种优势种，其个体数量占总捕获量的94.39%，重量占89.66%。其中，有8种具有经济或商业重要性，特别是菱体兔牙鲷和普氏副唇鱼。聚类分析识别出4种鱼类组合；对这些结果进行了讨论，以确定栖息地与物种之间的关系。最后，典范对应分析证明了普氏副唇鱼与盐度和溶解固体之间的关联。RBLP具有高度的栖息地多样性，其鱼类群落已形成利用所有时空条件并满足其生命周期需求的策略。
