Pállinger Eva
Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Genetikai, Sejt- és Immunbiológiai Intézet Budapest.
Orv Hetil. 2013 Aug 4;154(31):1207-18. doi: 10.1556/OH.2013.29676.
Direct detection of pathogens is time- and labor-intensive. There is an increasing demand for new rapid microbiological testing methods, which would be faster and more sensitive than the conventional ones. Initially, automated methods were applied for the testing of bacteremia, urinary tract infections, characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility and quantitation of pathogen specific antibodies. Recently the nucleic acid-based detection methods have also become a routine. The molecular biological methods accelerate diagnosis, enhance specificity and provide an opportunity to identify pathogens with potential difficulties in culturing. However, they do not give any information about the immune status of the host. Yet it should also be borne in mind that detection of pathogen-specific nucleic acids is not equivalent to the presence of living microbes. The greatest advantage of FACS against these techniques is the capability to identify individual microbial cells as well. High speed FACS becomes a priority in the characterization of slow-growing microbes and identification of pathogens in mixed infections. Last but not least, it allows the monitoring of immune status and follow up of antimicrobial therapy.
直接检测病原体既耗时又费力。对新型快速微生物检测方法的需求日益增加，这些方法要比传统方法更快、更灵敏。最初，自动化方法被应用于菌血症检测、尿路感染检测、抗菌药敏特性分析以及病原体特异性抗体的定量分析。最近，基于核酸的检测方法也已成为常规方法。分子生物学方法加快了诊断速度，提高了特异性，并为鉴定培养可能存在困难的病原体提供了机会。然而，它们无法提供关于宿主免疫状态的任何信息。还应牢记，检测病原体特异性核酸并不等同于存在活微生物。流式细胞术相对于这些技术的最大优势在于它也能够识别单个微生物细胞。高速流式细胞术在表征生长缓慢的微生物以及鉴定混合感染中的病原体方面成为优先选择。最后但同样重要的是，它能够监测免疫状态并跟踪抗菌治疗情况。
