Borkoski-Barreiro Silvia A, Falcón-González Juan C, Limiñana-Cañal José M, Ramos-Macías Angel
Unidad de Hipoacusia, Servicio de ORL y PCF, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013 Nov-Dec;64(6):403-8. doi: 10.1016/j.otorri.2013.05.002. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
Hearing plays an essential role in the acquisition, development and maintenance of the properties of the speech and language. Birth weight is an indicator of biological maturation of the newborn. Premature newborns with very low birth weight (VLBW<1,500 g) constitute a group with the highest risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Our objective was to ascertain the degree of hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss and presence of the association to other risk factors for hearing loss in VLBW infants included in the Universal Hearing Loss Screening Programme at the University Mother-Child Hospital of Gran Canaria (Spain) in the 2007-2010 period.
This was a retrospective study of 364 infants with VLBW, measured by transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response.
There were 112 newborn (30.8%) referred for auditory brainstem response. A diagnosis of hearing loss was given to 22 newborns (2.2%), 14 had conductive hearing loss and 8, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), of which 2 had bilateral profound hearing loss. The VLBW newborn presented the association to another risk factor in more than a quarter of the sample studied. All those diagnosed with SNHL were premature.
The percentage of VLBW newborns diagnosed with hearing loss is higher than expected in the general population. All those diagnosed with SNHL were premature and presented one or 2 hearing risk factors associated with VLBW.
听力在言语和语言特性的习得、发展及维持过程中起着至关重要的作用。出生体重是新生儿生物学成熟度的一个指标。极低出生体重（VLBW＜1500g）的早产儿是感音神经性听力损失风险最高的群体。我们的目的是确定2007年至2010年期间在西班牙大加那利岛大学母婴医院纳入通用听力损失筛查项目的极低出生体重婴儿的听力损失程度、感音神经性听力损失情况以及与其他听力损失风险因素的关联。
这是一项对364例极低出生体重婴儿的回顾性研究，通过瞬态诱发耳声发射和听性脑干反应进行测量。
有112例新生儿（30.8%）接受了听性脑干反应检查。22例新生儿（2.2%）被诊断为听力损失，其中14例为传导性听力损失，8例为感音神经性听力损失（SNHL），其中2例为双侧重度听力损失。在超过四分之一的研究样本中，极低出生体重新生儿存在与其他风险因素的关联。所有被诊断为感音神经性听力损失的均为早产儿。
被诊断为听力损失的极低出生体重新生儿比例高于一般人群的预期。所有被诊断为感音神经性听力损失的均为早产儿，且存在与极低出生体重相关的一或两个听力风险因素。
