Stryła Wanda, Pogorzała Adam M, Kasior Iwona, Nowakowski Andrzej
Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
Pol Orthop Traumatol. 2013 Jul 26;78:155-66.
Amputations, or the removal of limbs at different levels, have been performed since the ancient times. The first reports of amputations originate from the ancient ruins in Egypt, where primitive prosthetic toes were found in the tombs of the Pharaohs. In Europe, during the period of ancient Greece and Rome, various examples of amputations were described on amphoras and mosaics. During the middle ages, the body was marginalized and replaced by the worship of human spirituality. As a result reports of amputations from that time period are scarce. True development of amputation and prosthetic techniques took place during the Renaissance and centuries that followed. Present-day indications for amputation are similar to those utilized in the ancient times. The greatest development of limb amputation techniques and prosthetic methods began in the 20th century and continues to this day. Despite the development of new techniques in prosthetics, many solutions have their roots in designs originating in the ancient times and differ only in their structural design.
截肢，即从不同部位切除肢体，自古以来就有进行。关于截肢的最早报道源自埃及的古代遗迹，在法老的墓穴中发现了原始的假脚趾。在欧洲，古希腊和罗马时期，双耳细颈椭圆土罐和马赛克上描绘了各种截肢的例子。中世纪时，身体被边缘化，人类精神崇拜取而代之。因此，那个时期关于截肢的报道很少。截肢和假肢技术的真正发展发生在文艺复兴时期及随后的几个世纪。如今截肢的适应症与古代使用的类似。肢体截肢技术和假肢方法的最大发展始于20世纪，并一直持续到今天。尽管假肢新技术不断发展，但许多解决方案都源于古代的设计，只是结构设计有所不同。
