Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
Vet Rec. 2013 Oct 12;173(14):343. doi: 10.1136/vr.101408. Epub 2013 Jul 29.
Johne's disease (JD) is an infectious, progressive, gastrointestinal disease affecting ruminants. Calves are mostly infected in their first six months of life, or in utero. We investigated the impact of specific periparturient management practices on within-herd JD prevalence and economic losses foregone in UK dairy herds by means of data synthesis (systematic appraisal of published evidence and expert elicitation) and use of a pre-existing simulation model. Our results show the scarcity of accurate estimates of the impact of specific periparturient management practices on within-herd JD prevalence, which could, in part, be explained by challenges associated with the chronic nature of JD. Management practices aiming to limit the faecal-oral transmission route of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) were found to be most effective at reducing within-herd prevalence of JD. Practices aiming to limit MAP transmission via colostrum and milk were found to be less effective. Losses foregone for a hypothetical herd of 200 milking cows were considerable; based on the assumptions, it is reasonable to expect between £7000 and £11,000 of losses foregone when management practices are implemented as a package of measures. The findings of this study are envisaged to enable farmers and veterinarians to make more informed decisions on changes to periparturient management to control JD.
约翰氏病（JD）是一种传染性、进行性的胃肠道疾病，影响反刍动物。犊牛主要在生命的头六个月或子宫内感染。我们通过数据综合（对已发表证据的系统评估和专家征询）和使用预先存在的模拟模型，研究了特定围产期管理实践对英国奶牛群中群内 JD 流行率和经济损失的影响。我们的研究结果表明，缺乏对特定围产期管理实践对群内 JD 流行率影响的准确估计，这在一定程度上可以解释为 JD 慢性性质所带来的挑战。旨在限制分枝杆菌副结核亚种（MAP）粪-口传播途径的管理实践被发现最有效地降低了 JD 的群内流行率。旨在限制通过初乳和牛奶传播 MAP 的实践被发现效果较差。对于一个假设的 200 头奶牛的奶牛群，所失去的损失是相当可观的；根据假设，当管理实践作为一揽子措施实施时，预计会损失 7000 至 11000 英镑。本研究的结果旨在使农民和兽医能够在改变围产期管理以控制 JD 方面做出更明智的决策。
