Chang Xu-hong, Zhao Guang-cai, Yang Yu-shuang, Feng Ming, Ma Shao-kang, Wang De-mei, Bi Yu-qiang, Yang Su-rong
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Apr;24(4):995-1000.
A field experiment was conducted in a farming-pasture zone in Chifeng City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China to investigate the effects of different tillage modes and nitrogen (N) application rates on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat. The results showed that long term conservation tillage increased the wheat NUE by 3% -4%, and decreased the environmental pollution by fertilizer N. Conservation tillage promoted the N absorption by wheat, and increased the grain yield. When the N application rate increased from 120 kg hm-2 to 360 kg . hm-2, the NUE decreased from 36. 5% to 26% , fertilizer N loss increased by about 5% , i. e. , the corresponding N loss was increased from 60 kg hm-2 to 200 kg hm-2, and the environmental N pollution increased markedly. The wheat NUE of the residual N in last season was less affected by tillage mode, but more affected by the N application rate in last season, with an overall tendency of the higher the N application rate in last season, the lower the NUE and the more the fertilizer N loss. After two seasons' wheat planting, the proportion of the total nitrogen recovery by the wheat-soil system was about 44% -50%, among which, the residual N in soil occupied about 13% -18% of applied N.
在中国北方内蒙古自治区赤峰市的农牧交错区进行了一项田间试验，以研究不同耕作方式和施氮量对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率（NUE）的影响。结果表明，长期保护性耕作使小麦氮素利用效率提高了3%-4%，并减少了氮肥对环境的污染。保护性耕作促进了小麦对氮的吸收，提高了籽粒产量。当施氮量从120 kg·hm-2增加到360 kg·hm-2时，氮素利用效率从36.5%降至26%，氮肥损失增加了约5%，即相应的氮损失从60 kg·hm-2增加到200 kg·hm-2，环境氮污染显著增加。上季残留氮的小麦氮素利用效率受耕作方式影响较小，但受上季施氮量影响较大，总体趋势是上季施氮量越高，氮素利用效率越低，氮肥损失越多。经过两季小麦种植后，小麦-土壤系统对总氮的回收比例约为44%-50%，其中土壤残留氮占施氮量的13%-18%。
