Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2013 Sep;15(9):1665-70. doi: 10.1039/c3em00313b.
We briefly review how coastal ecosystems are responding to and being impacted by climate change, one of the greatest challenges facing society today. In adapting to rising and stormier seas associated with climate change, coastal defence structures are proliferating and becoming dominant coastal features, particularly in urbanised areas. Whilst the primary function of these structures is to protect coastal property and infrastructure, they inevitably have a significant secondary impact on the local environment and ecosystems. In this review we outline some of the negative and positive effects of these structures on physical processes, impacts on marine species, and the novel engineering approaches that have been employed to improve the ecological value of these structures in recent years. Finally we outline guidelines for an environmentally sensitive approach to design of such structures in the marine environment.
我们简要回顾了沿海生态系统如何应对和受到当今社会面临的最大挑战之一——气候变化的影响。为了适应与气候变化相关的海平面上升和风暴潮加剧，沿海防护结构日益增多，并成为沿海地区的主要特征，尤其是在城市化地区。虽然这些结构的主要功能是保护沿海财产和基础设施，但它们不可避免地对当地环境和生态系统产生重大的次要影响。在本文中，我们概述了这些结构对物理过程、对海洋物种的影响以及近年来为提高这些结构的生态价值而采用的新型工程方法的一些负面影响和正面影响。最后，我们概述了在海洋环境中设计此类结构时采取对环境敏感的方法的准则。
