From the Department of Radiation Oncology (C.H.C., S.B., C.D.) and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (W.T.H.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, TRC 2W, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Department of Radiation Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore (C.R.T.).
Radiology. 2014 Jan;270(1):232-40. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13130101. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
To assess the diversity of the U.S. diagnostic radiology physician workforce by race, Hispanic ethnicity, and sex in the context of the available pipeline of medical students.
Institutional review board evaluation and exemption were granted for the study, as primary data were obtained from publicly available registry sources, with no identifiable private or protected information. Publicly available American Medical Association, American Association of Medical Colleges, and U.S. census registries were used to assess differences for 2010 among diagnostic radiology practicing physicians, academic faculty, residents, subspecialty trainees, residency applicants, medical school graduates, and U.S. population by using binomial tests; with adjustment for multiple comparisons among different groups, differences with P < .001 were considered significant. Significant differences in diagnostic radiology resident representation were evaluated for academic years 2003-2004 to 2010-2011 and for 2010, compared among the 20 largest residency training programs.
Females and traditionally underrepresented minorities in medicine (URM)-blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AI/AN/NH/PI)-are underrepresented as practicing physicians (23.5% and 6.5%, respectively), faculty (26.1%, 5.9%), and diagnostic radiology residents (27.8%, 8.3%), compared with the U.S. population (50.8%, 30.0%) (all P < .001). Although they are increased in percentage as residents compared with practicing physicians, females and URMs remain underrepresented at the resident trainee level, compared with their proportions as medical school graduates (48.3%, 15.3%, respectively). During the past 8 years, there was no significant increase in female or URM resident (all P > .01) representation, suggesting no dramatic change in future representation as practicing physicians. Moreover, diagnostic radiology ranks 17th in female and 20th in URM representation among the 20 largest residency training specialties.
Females and URM remain underrepresented in the diagnostic radiology physician workforce despite an available medical student pipeline. Given prevalent health care disparities and an increasingly diverse society, future research and training efforts should address increasing resident diversity with program directors and department chairs.
根据医学生的现有渠道，评估美国放射诊断医师劳动力的种族、西班牙裔和性别多样性。
该研究获得了机构审查委员会的评估和豁免，主要数据来自公开的登记处来源，没有可识别的私人或受保护的信息。利用二项式检验，使用公开的美国医学协会、美国医学院协会和美国人口普查登记处评估 2010 年诊断放射学执业医师、学术教师、住院医师、亚专科受训者、住院医师申请人、医学院毕业生和美国人口之间的差异；对不同组之间的多次比较进行调整，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。评估了 2003-2004 学年至 2010-2011 学年和 2010 年期间，在 20 个最大的住院医师培训项目中，诊断放射学住院医师代表的显著差异。
女性和医学领域的代表性不足的少数族裔（URM）-黑人、西班牙裔、美国印第安人、阿拉斯加原住民、夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民（AI/AN/NH/PI）-作为执业医师（分别为 23.5%和 6.5%）、教师（26.1%、5.9%）和诊断放射学住院医师（27.8%、8.3%）的比例较低，而美国人口（50.8%、30.0%）（均 P<0.001）。尽管与执业医师相比，女性和 URM 在住院医师中的比例有所增加，但与他们作为医学院毕业生的比例相比，女性和 URM 在住院医师培训生中仍然代表性不足（分别为 48.3%、15.3%）。在过去的 8 年中，女性和 URM 住院医师（均 P>0.01）的比例没有显著增加，这表明未来作为执业医师的代表性没有明显变化。此外，在 20 个最大的住院医师培训专业中，诊断放射学在女性和 URM 代表方面排名第 17。
尽管有医学生的现有渠道，但女性和 URM 在放射诊断医师劳动力中仍然代表性不足。鉴于普遍存在的医疗保健差异和日益多样化的社会，未来的研究和培训工作应与项目主任和系主任一起，解决住院医师多样性的增加问题。
