Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, 1005 Dr DB Todd Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Jul 5;22(1):526. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7.
Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. METHODS: Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend.
From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%).
Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented.
尽管女性占美国人口的 50.8%，但在医生劳动力中女性的比例仅为 36.3%。有研究检查了特定专业领域内的性别趋势，但对于研究所有专业领域的性别趋势的文献还不够充分。在这项研究中，作者研究了 2011 年至 2019 年期间所有专业领域（包括外科和非外科）女性住院医师比例的趋势。
从 2011 年至 2019 年，从研究生医学教育认证委员会（ACGME）数据资源手册中提取所有专业领域女性住院医师比例的数据，并使用卡方检验进行趋势分析。
从 2011 年至 2019 年，外科专业女性住院医师的比例有统计学意义的增加（p<0.001），而非外科专业女性住院医师的比例没有显著变化。在此期间，女性比例最高的专业是妇产科（81.3%），女性比例最低的专业是矫形外科（13.8%）。
尽管进入医学和外科专业的女性比例总体上呈积极趋势，但女性在医学领域的总体比例仍低于整个人口。需要加大努力增加女性在医学领域的代表性，特别是在美国，在传统上女性代表性不足的专业领域。
