Strategic and automatic priming of semantic memory in alcoholic Korsakoff patients.

To examine whether the organization of semantic memory is intact in alcoholic Korsakoff patients, three semantic memory tasks which do not require active search for stored information were administered to a group of Korsakoff patients and alcoholic controls. The first two tasks used a perceptual identification paradigm in which patients had to identify briefly presented targets preceded by associatively (experiment 1) or categorically (experiment 2) related primes. On both tasks, Korsakoff patients demonstrated intact priming effects. Because priming in these tasks was thought to reflect the operation of strategic processes, experiment 3 was designed to assess automatic spreading activation using a lexical decision task. Here as well, Korsakoff patients demonstrated intact priming. Taken together, these results support the view that the organization of semantic memory in Korsakoff patients has not been disrupted by their brain injury. The implications of these findings for understanding Korsakoff patients' impaired performance on semantic search tasks are discussed.