Brunfaut E, d'Ydewalle G
University of Leuven, Belgium.
Neuropsychologia. 1996 Dec;34(12):1143-50. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(96)00032-2.
Korsakoff patients generally perform at a normal level on implicit memory tasks in contrast to explicit memory tasks. While this difference is sometimes explained in terms of different memory systems underlying the tasks, the different roles of perceptual and conceptual/semantic processes in these tasks have also been emphasized: explicit tasks require mainly conceptual/ semantic processes and implicit tasks are based principally on perceptual processes. However, it has been suggested recently that conceptual/semantic processes may also be involved in some implicit memory tasks (e.g. a Free Association task). Therefore, the performance of Korsakoff and alcoholic patients is here compared in three implicit memory tasks (Stem Completion, Word Identification and Free Association) and one explicit memory task (Cued Recall), allowing us to disentangle what really matters: the nature of the task (implicit or explicit), or the underlying processes (perceptual or conceptual/semantic). The results show only semantic priming in the Free Association and Cued Recall tasks of the alcoholic patients, suggesting that Korsakoff patients have problems particularly with conceptually-driven processing. The implicit or explicit nature of the memory task is not critical.
与显性记忆任务相比，柯萨科夫综合征患者在隐性记忆任务上通常表现正常。虽然这种差异有时会根据任务背后不同的记忆系统来解释，但感知过程和概念/语义过程在这些任务中的不同作用也得到了强调：显性任务主要需要概念/语义过程，而隐性任务主要基于感知过程。然而，最近有人提出概念/语义过程也可能参与一些隐性记忆任务（如自由联想任务）。因此，本文比较了柯萨科夫综合征患者和酒精性患者在三项隐性记忆任务（词干补全、单词识别和自由联想）和一项显性记忆任务（线索回忆）中的表现，以便我们弄清楚真正重要的是什么：任务的性质（隐性或显性），还是潜在的过程（感知或概念/语义）。结果显示，酒精性患者在自由联想和线索回忆任务中仅出现语义启动效应，这表明柯萨科夫综合征患者在概念驱动的加工方面尤其存在问题。记忆任务的隐性或显性性质并不关键。
